Question

What are main components of transport system in human beings? What are function of these components?

Answer 1

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a) Heart: The heart is the central organ for pumping the blood throughout the body. The heart consists of four chambers namely auricles and ventricles. The two upper chambers of the heart are known as the auricles. The two lower chambers of the heart are the ventricles. Left and right parts of the heart are separated by a muscular partition called as septum. Heart has number of valves which allow the blood to flow in one direction. These prevent the oxygenated blood mixing with de-oxygenated blood.
Functions of the heart
*All parts of our body require oxygen to carry out life processes. We take in oxygen by the process of respiration. But this oxygen should be carried over to all parts of the body.The oxygen in the lungs binds to hemoglobin present in the blood. This oxygenated blood is taken to heart. This oxygen carrying blood should be transported to all the parts of our body. To pump this blood with pressure we need a central pumping organ called as heart.
This is the reason why our heart pumps continuously.
*It is a central pumping organ of the circulatory system which pumps oxygenated (pure) blood into the blood vessels to be carried over to different parts of the body.
*It receives deoxygenated (impure) blood from different parts of the body and sends it to the lungs for purification.

b) Arteries: The oxygenated blood is supplied to all the organs by arteries branching out as capillaries. Arteries carry pure blood away from the heart except for pulmonary artery which carries impure blood to the lungs from heart.

c) Veins: The deoxygenated blood is returned to veins through capillaries. These veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart and the lungs. Veins carry impure blood to the heart except for pulmonary veins which carry pure blood from lungs to the heart.

d) Capillaries:These are smallest of all the blood vessels which are formed from arteries and inturn form the veins.
*As the arteries reach a particular organ they branch into smaller arteries. These smaller arteries again branch into smaller structures called as capillaries. Capillaries nourish the cells of the tissue with oxygenated blood.
*Later, all these capillaries of that tissue at another end combine to form a vein which carries deoxygenated blood to the heart. Deoxygenated blood is sent to lungs for purification.


Regards Vishal