what are matter how they are classified and example
Answers
Answer:
Matter can be classified according to physical and chemical properties. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. ... Extensive properties depend on the amount of material and include mass and volume.
Explanation:
Matter can also be classified based on its composition in the following way irrespective of the state in which it exists.
If the matter is made up of identical molecules, it is called pure substance. The matter which is made up of different types of molecules is called mixture. Molecules of matter are made up of still tinier particles called atoms. Atoms are the tiniest particles of matter which cannot exist independently.
There are very few atoms which exist independently. These are the atoms of helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon. They remain in the gaseous state in the atmophere and known as noble gases.
Pure substances can further be classified into elements and compounds based on the nature of constiuent atoms present in their molecule.
If the molecules of a pure substance contain identical atom(s), it is called an element. The pure substance in which the molecules are made up two or more different types of atoms is called compound.
Classification of matter based on its composition is schematically represented below
Element : an element is a substance which is constituted of only one kind of atoms and cannot be further divided by any physical or chemical means.
Example : Hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, sodium potassium etc. are the examples of elements .
Molecules of these substances consist of only one type of atoms. Molecules of different elements may contain different number of atoms.
Atomicity of element. A molecule of hydrogen is made up of two atoms and hance its atomicity is two. Based on the atomicity, elements can be classified as follows:
(i) Monoatomic elements : The elements in which each molecule contains only one atom.
Example : Cu,Ag,He etc.
(ii) Diatomic elements : the elements in which each molecule contains two atoms.
Example : H2,O2N2 etc.
(iii) Polyatomic elements : the element in which each molecule contains more than two atoms.
Example : O3,P4,S8
Compounds : A compound is a substance which is formed due to the chemical comination of two or more elements in definite propotion by mass. The constituents of a combination do not retain their properties and they can be separated only by chemical means.
Example : Water, carbon dioxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, calcium carbonate etc, are a few examples of compounds. A molecule of carbon dioxide is constituted of a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. Two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen combine chemically to form a molecule of water.
Mixture : A mixture is a substance which is formed by mixing two or more substance (elements, compounds or both) physically in any propotion. No chemical reaction takes place during the formation of a mixture and all the constituents of mixture retain their properties. constituents of mixture can easily be separated by physical means.
Example : solution of sugar and water is a mixture in which sugar and water both retain their properties and can be separated by a simple physical process that is evaporation. Muddy water is another example of mixture of mud and water which can easily be separated by filtration.
Elements and compounds are the substance in which the composition is uniforn throughout the matter and hance they are said to by homogenous. But the composition of a mixture i.e., then proportion of its constituents may not be uniform throughout. Hence mixture may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Examples of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture : A mixture of alcohol and water is an example of homogeneous mixture because of the constituents of this mixture is uniformly distributed. A mixture of sulphur and water is an example of heterogeneous mixture because sulphur remains nonuniformly distributed in water.