Question

What are narrations and how to change it

Answer 1

Narration: Reported to Reporting Speech

Pronoun: In an indirect speech the pronoun changes according to the speaker whether s/he is referring himself/herself or a third person. ...

Type of sentences: a. ...

Tense: Usually, the present changes to past tense while we change direct speech to indirect. ...

Modals: a. ...

Adverbs and demonstratives:

Answer 2

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The art of reporting the words of a speaker is called Narration.

• There are two main ways of reporting the words of a speaker.

1. Direct Speech

2. Indirect Speech

• Direct Speech

In this form, the actual words of the speaker are put in quotes “”.

Ex:-

• Rama said,” I am very busy now.”

• In the above example the Speaker i.e
• Rama is known as Reporter,
• said is known as Reporting verb and
• “I am very busy now.” is known as Reported Speech.

Indirect Speech

• In this form, the actual words of the speaker are transformed and said/written in a simple manner.

Ex:-

• Rama said that he was very busy then.

Basic rules to convert a Direct Speech to Indirect Speech.

• There are five basic things that have to be changed while converting a Direct speech to an Indirect speech.

• To change the reporting verb according to the reported speech.
• To remove the inverted comma’s from the direct speech and replace them with an appropriate conjunction.
• To change the pronoun of reported speech accordingly.
• Change the adverbs of the Direct Speech

Active - Rajiv said to me,” I shall go to the picture today”

Passive - Rajiv told me that he would go to the picture that day.

In the above example

• Reporting verb said to is changed into told.
• Inverted Commas are replaced by the conjunction that
• Reported speech’s pronoun I is changed into He.
• Reported speech’s verb shall go is changed into would go.
• As another change today is changed with the word that day.

Rules of change of Pronouns

Nominative Possessive Objective Reflexive

I My Me Myself

We Our Us Ourselves

You Yours You Yourself

He His Him Himself

She Her Her herself

They Their Them Themselves

Pronouns are changed according to a rule designated as SON where

• S stands for Subject
• O stands for Object
• N stands for No change.

• First person changes to subject of Reporting Verb
• Second person changes to Object of Reporting Verb
• There is no change if it is a Third

Rule No 1.

• 1st Person pronoun of Reported speech is changed according to the Subject of Reporting verb.

• Direct: She says, “I am in tenth class.”
• Indirect: She says that she is in tenth class.

• Direct: I say, “I am an honest man.”
• Indirect: I say that I am an honest man

Rule No 2.

• 2nd Person pronoun of Reported speech is changed according to Object of Reporting verb.

• Direct: She says to me, “you have done your work”
• Indirect: She tells me that I have done my work.

• Direct: She says to her, “You have done your work”
• Indirect: She tells her that she has done her work.

• Direct: I say to them, “you have done your work.”
• Indirect: I tell them that they have done their work.

Rule No 3.

• 3rd Person Pronoun of Reported speech is not changed.

• Direct: He says, “He does not work hard”
• Indirect: He says that he does not work hard.

• Direct: Everybody says, “They have spoken the truth”
• Indirect: Everybody says that they have spoken the truth.

Rules of change of verb or Tense

• Simple present changes to Simple Past
• Present Continuous changes to Past Continuous
• Present Perfect changes to Past Perfect
• Present Perfect Continuous changes to Past Perfect Continuous
• Simple Past changes to Past Perfect
• Past Continuous changes to Past Perfect Continuous
• In Future Tense will/Shall changes to would
• Can changes to Could
• May changes to Might

Some other small changes that used to take place while changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech.

• Here Changes to There
• Now Changes to Then
• This Changes to That
• These Changes to Those
• Today Changes to That day
• To-night Changes to That night
• Yesterday Changes to The previous day
• Last night Changes to The previous night
• Last week Changes to The previous week
• Tomorrow Changes to The next day
• Next Week Changes to The following week
• Ago Changes to Before
• Thus Changes to so
• Hence Changes to Thence
• Hither Changes to Thither
• Come Changes to Go

Note : An in indirect speech we talk about such incidents that are after the time of reporting and had happened away from the place of reporting therefore the words that show nearness has to be replaced by the words that show distance.

Heya!!

Hope it helps you