what are non metals ???
Answers
Answer:
In chemistry, a nonmetal is a chemical element that mostly lacks the characteristics of a metal. Physically, a nonmetal tends to have a relatively low melting point, boiling point, and density. A nonmetal is typically brittle when solid and usually has poor thermal conductivity and electical conductivity.
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Explanation:
Non-metals are the elements which form negative ions by accepting or gaining electrons. Non-metals usually have 4, 5, 6 or 7 electrons in their outermost shell.
Non-metals are those which lack all the metallic attributes. They are good insulators of heat and electricity. They are mostly gases and sometimes liquid. Some they are even solid at room temperatures like Carbon, sulphur and phosphorus.
Non-metals
Properties of Non metals
Characteristic properties of non-metals are high ionization energies and high electronegativity. Owing to these properties, non-metals usually gain electrons when reacting with other compounds, forming covalent bonds. Among the non-metals, the anionic dopants have a strong influence on the VB. Non-Metal dopants are carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, sulphur and iodine.
The following are the general properties of non-metals.
The atoms of non-metals tend to be smaller than those of metals. Several of the other properties of non-metals result from their atomic sizes.
Non-metals exhibit very low electrical conductivities. The low or non-existent electrical conductivity is the most important property that distinguishes non-metals from metals.
Non-metals have high electronegativities. This means that the atoms of non-metals have a strong tendency to attract more electrons than what they would normally have.
Non-metals have high electronegativities. This means that the atoms of non-metals have a strong tendency to hold on to the electrons that already have. In contrast, metals rather easily give up one or more electrons to non-metals, metal therefore easily form positively charged ions, and metals readily conduct electricity.
Under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, some non-metals are found as gases, some found as solids and one is found as liquid. In contrast, except mercury, all metals are solids at room temperature. The fact that so many non-metals exist as liquids or gases means that non-metals generally have relatively low melting and boiling points under normal atmospheric conditions.
In their solid-state, non-metals tend to be brittle. Therefore, they lack the malleability and ductility exhibited by metals.
Physical Properties of Non-Metals
Ductility is the property of the material to be stretched into wires but non-metals are not ductile except for carbon, as carbon fibres find uses in a wide variety of industries including sports and music equipment.
Another property characteristic to metals is absent in non-metals called malleability. They can’t be drawn into sheets as they are brittle and break on applying pressure.
They are not lustrous as they do not have any shiny appearance.
They are not sonorous and do not produce a deep ringing sound when they are hit with another material. They are also bad conductors of heat and electricity except for graphite.
List of Non-Metals (the Complete List)
Non-metal State at Room Temperature Symbol
Hydrogen Gas H
Nitrogen Gas N
Oxygen Gas O
Fluorine Gas F
Chlorine Gas Cl
Bromine Liquid Br
Iodine Solid I
Carbon Solid C
Sulphur Solid S
Phosphorous Solid P
Silicon Solid Si
Chemical Properties of Non-Metals
1. Reaction with Water
A non-metal does not react with water but it is usually very reactive in air, which is why some of them are stored in water. For example, one of the highly reactive non-metals is phosphorus and it catches fire when exposed to air that is why it is stored in water to prevent its contact with atmospheric oxygen.
2. Reaction with Acids
None of the non-metals is known to react with acids.
3. Reaction with Bases
The reaction between non-metals and bases is a very complex one. The reaction of chlorine with bases like sodium hydroxide gives products like sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride as well as water.
4. Reaction with Oxygen
Oxides of non-metals are formed when it reacts with oxygen. The oxides of non-metals are acidic or neutral in nature.