Question

What are Nucleophiles and Electrophiles . Explain with Examples .​

Answer 1

An electrophile is a molecule that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the nucleophile) by accepting both bonding electrons from that reaction partner. Electrophilic reagents are Lewis acids. You've already seen that carbon dioxide is an electrophile.  

A nucleophile is a molecule that forms a bond with its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both electrons for that bond. Nucleophiles are Lewis bases. As you've seen, hydroxide is an example of nucleophile that adds to carbon dioxide.

Answer 2

$<b>$

Electrophile :-  ELECTRO + PHILLIC 

                              |                       | 

                       electron             loving 

                   (-ve charge)   

electrophile means negative center loving species.

          the species that can accept an electron pair is known as electrophile. 

 How to identified a electrophile:

  1.  all simple cation is electrophile ( H⁺,Br⁺,NO⁺ etc)

  2. The species with vacant d- orbital in central atom (PCl₃,SF₆ 

  3.  All halogens 

  4. atoms with sextet (O,S, Se etc)

$<I>$

(b)NUCLEOPHILE : NUCLEO   + PHILE 

                                      |                   |

                              nucleus            loving

                             (+ve charge)

thus, positive center loving species are known as nucleophile.

the species that can give a lone pair of electron is known as nucleophile. 

How to identified nucleophile :

 1.  usually anions are nucleophile (NH₂⁻,OH⁻,CH₃⁻ etc)

 2. the species having lone pair on the central atom are nucleophiles.(NH₃,H₂O,ROH  etc)