Question

What are phenols? How they are prepared on industrial scale?

Answer 1

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What is Phenol?

When you hear the term 'versatile,' as an organic chemist, you might think about the phenol molecule. Phenol, or C6 H5 OH, is itself a beautiful, crystalline solid that almost looks like glass. It finds a wide variety of use in many things we depend on for our daily lives such as epoxy resins, nylon, detergents, and even pharmaceutical drugs.

Although phenol is acquired on large industrial scales by isolation from petroleum (crude oil), it can be synthesized in the lab on smaller scales. Additionally, phenol represents a versatile intermediate for other important organic compounds and can be modified accordingly in various ways.

Let's take a look at the properties of phenol, how to make phenol, and a few important reactions it can undergo. Come along and see just how flexible phenol can be!

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Answer 2

In organic chemistry, phenol, sometimes called phenolic, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxylic group bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol, C6H5OH.

When chlorobenzene is heated with caustic soda at 300°C and 200 atm pressure, sodium phenoxide is formed which on acidification produces phenol.