what are plant hormones?
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Plant hormones (also known as phytohormones) are signal molecules produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of growth and development, from embryogenesis,[1] the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense,[2][3] stress tolerance[4][5] and through to reproductive development.[6] Unlike in animals (in which hormone production is restricted to specialized glands) each plant cell is capable of producing hormones.[7][8] The term 'phytohormone' was coined by Went and Thimann and used in the title of their book in 1937.[9]
Phytohormones are found across the plant kingdom, and even in algae, where they have similar functions to those seen in higher plants.[10] Some phytohormones also occur in microorganisms, such as unicellular fungi and bacteria, however in these cases they do not play a hormonal role and can better be regarded as secondary metabolites.[11]
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