what are pyrogen and their adverse effect
Answers
Answer:
When bacterial pyrogens are injected in sufficient amounts, perhaps in microgram quantities, the fever produced is accompanied by chills, body aches, a rise in blood pressure, and possibly a state of shock and death.
Explanation:
The advent of the hypodermic needle provided a new route to administer drugs. \1\ But by today's reference, the early parenteral \a)\ drugs were crude and unsafe in that the increased use of these early injection solutions brought about their attendant infections, adverse drug reactions, fevers of unknown etiology, and even deaths from shock. It was perplexing to the early workers in the field of microbiology that sporadic fevers resulted from the injection of even the sterile solutions.
Modern injection solutions are safer, yet the literature \2\ continues to report adverse reactions. In this issue we share the concerns for the patient who cannot take fluids by mouth, due to surgery or certain kinds of illness, who could suffer the consequences from unwanted toxins known to be fever producing substances, if present in the parenteral product. We hope to show benefit from what has been learned in this area.
Answer:
When bacterial pyrogens are injected in sufficient amounts, perhaps in microgram quantities, the fever produced is accompanied by chills, body aches, a rise in blood pressure, and possibly a state of shock and death.
Explanation:
Good examples of pyrogen-producing gram-negative bacteria are Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella (Dixon, 2001).
pyrogen is a substance causing induction of a febrile response (elevation of body temperature, fever) which can be fatal in humans and animals.