what are soaps explain the mechansism of the cleansing action of soap?soaps form scum with hard water explain why how this problem is overcome by use of detergents
Answers
Answer:
Sopas are sodium and potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids.
Explanation:
Cleansing action of soap:
Most of the dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve in water. The molecule of soap constitutes sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. In the case of soaps, the carbon chain dissolves in oil and the ionic end dissolves in water. Thus the soap molecules form structures called micelles. In micelles, one end is towards the oil droplet and the other end which is the ionic faces outside. Therefore, it forms an emulsion in water and helps in dissolving the dirt when we wash our clothes.
Soap is a kind of molecule in which both the ends have different properties.
- Hydrophilic end
- Hydrophobic end
The first one is the hydrophilic end which dissolves water and is attracted towards it whereas the second one is the hydrophobic end that is dissolved in hydrocarbons and is water repulsive in nature. If on the surface of the water, soap is present then the hydrophobic tail which is not soluble in water will align along the water surface.
soaps form scum with hard water.
When a soap is used in hard water, a solid substance we call scum forms. This is because charged calcium and magnesium particles (called ions ) present in the water react with soap to form an insoluble substance.
Detergents are generally ammonium or sulphonate salts of flong chain carboxylic acids. Thus, they remain effective in hard water and do not form scum in hard water.
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Answer:
SOAPS ARE SODIUM OR POTASSIUM SALTS OF LONG CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID
SOAP FORMS MICELLE WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAPS AS WELL AS DETERGENTS.
HARD WATER CONTAINS DISSOLVED Ca AND Mg IONS. WHEN SOAP IS ADDED TO HARD WATER A PART OF IT FORMS FOAM AND THE OTHER PART FORMS SCUM.
DETERGENTS ARE GOOD CLEANING AGENTS IN HARD WATER THE DON'T FORM SCUM BECAUSE THE Ca AND Mg SALTS OF DETERGENT ARE SOLUBLE IN WATER..