Question

What are soaps ? How are they prepared ?​

Answer 1

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Soap is actually a sodium or potassium salt made by combining an organic acid with an alkali. Soap is prepared from oils or fats. Oils like olive oil, castor oil, palm oil or any animal fat can be used in the manufacture of soap.

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Answer 2

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Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids which contain more than twelve carbon atoms. When fat or oil is hydrolysed using sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, soap ob- tained remains in colloidal form. This is called saponification.

Soap and glycerol are separated by adding sodium chloride. Soap precipitates out due to common ion effect, and glycerol remains in the solution can be recovered by fractional distillation.