Question

What are stratified squamous epithelium

Write amswer in pointsssss

Answer 1

Stratified Sqamous Epithelium:

• Innermost layer of cells are of cuvoidal or columnar shaped.

• They divide to form cells of outer layer in epithilimlum

• They provide rigidity or mechanical support

• They are like flat cells

• They are of two types :

1. Keratinized stratified epithelium
2. Non-keratinized stratified epithelium

• This layer is also called Germinative layer

• Middle layer of this tissue of made up of polygonal cells

• Cells are interconnected with desmosomes.

• Present in Hair, Horn of animals, Scales of fishes, Sweat glands etc

Answer 2

Eᴘɪᴛʜᴇʟɪᴜᴍ

●Fᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴏᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ

Eᴘɪᴛʜᴇʟɪᴜᴍ ɪs ᴏɴᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴏᴜʀ ʙᴀsɪᴄ ᴛʏᴘᴇs ᴏғ ᴛɪssᴜᴇs ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏsɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ʙᴏᴅʏ. Iᴛ ɪs ᴀɴ ᴀᴠᴀsᴄᴜʟᴀʀ ᴛʏᴘᴇ ᴏғ ᴛɪssᴜᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ᴏғ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴡɪᴛʜ ʟɪᴛᴛʟᴇ ᴇxᴛʀᴀᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴍᴀᴛʀɪx, ᴄᴏɴɴᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ sᴛʀᴏɴɢ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴀᴅʜᴇsɪᴏɴs. Tʜᴇʏ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴘᴘᴇᴀʀᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ sʜᴇᴇᴛs. Eᴘɪᴛʜᴇʟɪᴜᴍ ɪs ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛ ᴀʟᴍᴏsᴛ ᴇᴠᴇʀʏᴡʜᴇʀᴇ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ʙᴏᴅʏ; ɪᴛ ᴄᴏᴠᴇʀs ʙᴏᴅʏ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇs, ɪᴛ ʟɪɴᴇs ɪɴᴛᴇʀɴᴀʟ ᴄᴀᴠɪᴛɪᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴛᴜʙᴇs, ғᴏʀᴍs ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴇɴᴄʜʏᴍᴀ ᴏғ ɢʟᴀɴᴅs ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴀɴ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀs sᴇɴsᴇ ʀᴇᴄᴇᴘᴛᴏʀs. Tʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇᴠᴀʟᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴏᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴇᴘɪᴛʜᴇʟɪᴜᴍ ʀᴇғʟᴇᴄᴛs ɪᴛs ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘᴀʟ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴs:

◆Cᴏᴠᴇʀᴀɢᴇ

◆Pʀᴏᴛᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ

◆Aʙsᴏʀᴘᴛɪᴏɴ

◆Sᴇᴄʀᴇᴛɪᴏɴ

◆Sᴇɴsᴀᴛɪᴏɴ

●Cʟᴀssɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ

Tʜᴇ ᴇᴘɪᴛʜᴇʟɪᴀʟ ᴄᴇʟʟs ʜᴀᴠᴇ sᴇᴠᴇʀᴀʟ ᴄʜᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪsᴛɪᴄs: ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀʟʟᴏᴡ ᴛɪɢʜᴛ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴀᴅʜᴇsɪᴏɴs. Tʜᴇʏ ᴀʀᴇ ᴘᴏʟᴀʀ, ʜᴀᴠɪɴɢ ᴅɪsᴛɪɴᴄᴛ ᴀᴘɪᴄᴀʟ, ʟᴀᴛᴇʀᴀʟ, ᴀɴᴅ ʙᴀsᴀʟ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ ᴅᴏᴍᴀɪɴs. Lᴀsᴛʟʏ, ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ʙᴀsᴀʟ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ ɪs ᴀᴛᴛᴀᴄʜᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀ ɴᴏɴᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ʟᴀʏᴇʀ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴀsᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ.

Eᴘɪᴛʜᴇʟɪᴜᴍ ɪs ᴄʟᴀssɪғɪᴇᴅ ᴅᴇsᴄʀɪᴘᴛɪᴠᴇʟʏ, ᴀᴄᴄᴏʀᴅɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜʀᴇᴇ ғᴀᴄᴛᴏʀs: ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ ᴏғ ᴄᴇʟʟ ʟᴀʏᴇʀs ғᴏʀᴍɪɴɢ ɪᴛ, ᴛʜᴇ sʜᴀᴘᴇ ᴏғ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟs, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴘɪᴄᴀʟ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ ᴅᴏᴍᴀɪɴ.

●Cʜᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪsᴛɪᴄs-

★Cᴇʟʟ sʜᴀᴘᴇ:

Sᴛʀᴀᴛɪғɪᴇᴅ ᴇᴘɪᴛʜᴇʟɪᴜᴍ ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛs ᴏғ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴏʀ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ʟᴀʏᴇʀs. Tʜᴇʀᴇ ɪs ᴀ ɢʀᴇᴀᴛ ᴀᴍᴏᴜɴᴛ ᴏғ ᴠᴀʀɪᴀʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀʏᴇʀs ᴅᴜᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴠᴀʀɪᴏᴜs ᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ sʜᴀᴘᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ʜᴇɪɢʜᴛs. Tʜᴇ ᴛʜʀᴇᴇ ᴛʏᴘᴇs ᴏғ ᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ sʜᴀᴘᴇs ᴀʀᴇ sϙᴜᴀᴍᴏᴜs, ᴄᴜʙᴏɪᴅᴀʟ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴏʟᴜᴍɴᴀʀ. Sϙᴜᴀᴍᴏᴜs ᴄᴇʟʟs ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴀ ᴡɪᴅᴛʜ ɢʀᴇᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴇɪɢʜᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴ ᴀɴ ᴏᴠᴏɪᴅ, ᴄᴇɴᴛᴇʀᴇᴅ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs. Tʜᴇ ᴡɪᴅᴛʜ ᴀɴᴅ ʜᴇɪɢʜᴛ ᴏғ ᴄᴜʙᴏɪᴅᴀʟ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴀʀᴇ ᴀᴘᴘʀᴏxɪᴍᴀᴛᴇʟʏ ᴇϙᴜᴀʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴ ᴀ ʀᴏᴜɴᴅ, ᴄᴇɴᴛᴇʀᴇᴅ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs. Fᴏʀ ᴄᴏʟᴜᴍɴᴀʀ ᴄᴇʟʟs, ᴛʜᴇ ᴡɪᴅᴛʜ ɪs sᴍᴀʟʟᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴇɪɢʜᴛ, ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs ɪs ᴏᴠᴏɪᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴏsɪᴛɪᴏɴᴇᴅ ʙᴀsᴀʟʟʏ.Tᴏ ᴇsᴛᴀʙʟɪsʜ ᴀ sᴛᴀɴᴅᴀʀᴅ ɴᴏᴍᴇɴᴄʟᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ, ᴏɴʟʏ ᴛʜᴇ sʜᴀᴘᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴡɪᴛʜɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ ʟᴀʏᴇʀ ɪs ᴜsᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ sᴜʙ-ᴄʟᴀssɪғʏ ᴛʜɪs ᴛɪssᴜᴇ ᴛʏᴘᴇ (sᴇᴇ ᴀʙᴏᴠᴇ). Fᴏʀ ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ, sᴛʀᴀᴛɪғɪᴇᴅ ᴄᴜʙᴏɪᴅᴀʟ ᴇᴘɪᴛʜᴇʟɪᴜᴍ ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛs ᴏғ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴘʟᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ʟᴀʏᴇʀs, ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ ʟᴀʏᴇʀ ʙᴇɪɴɢ ᴍᴀᴅᴇ ᴜᴘ ᴏғ ᴄᴜʙᴇ-sʜᴀᴘᴇᴅ ᴄᴇʟʟs. Tʜᴇ ʟᴀʏᴇʀs sɪᴛᴜᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴀᴛ ᴀ ᴅᴇᴇᴘᴇʀ ʟᴀʏᴇʀ ᴄᴀɴ ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛ ᴏғ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴏғ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴛ sʜᴀᴘᴇs, ʙᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴀʀᴇ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀʟʟʏ ᴄᴜʙᴏɪᴅᴀʟ. Fᴏʀ sϙᴜᴀᴍᴏᴜs sᴛʀᴀᴛɪғɪᴇᴅ ᴇᴘɪᴛʜᴇʟɪᴜᴍ, ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ɪs ᴀ ᴛʜɪʀᴅ sᴜʙ-ᴄʟᴀssɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ғᴇᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ: ᴛʜᴇ ᴋᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴏʀ ʟᴀᴄᴋ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇᴏғ, ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴘɪᴄᴀʟ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ ᴅᴏᴍᴀɪɴs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟs. A ᴛʏᴘɪᴄᴀʟ ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ ᴏғ sᴛʀᴀᴛɪғɪᴇᴅ sϙᴜᴀᴍᴏᴜs ᴋᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɪᴢᴇᴅ ᴇᴘɪᴛʜᴇʟɪᴜᴍ ɪs ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴘɪᴅᴇʀᴍɪs.

★Fᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ:

Tʜᴇ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ sᴛʀᴀᴛɪғɪᴇᴅ ᴇᴘɪᴛʜᴇʟɪᴜᴍ ɪs ᴍᴀɪɴʟʏ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ. Iɴ ғᴀᴄᴛ, ᴛʜɪs sᴘᴇᴄɪғɪᴄ ʀᴏʟᴇ ɪs ʀᴇғʟᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛ ɪɴғʟᴜᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʏᴘᴇ ᴏғ ᴘʜʏsɪᴄᴀʟ sᴛʀᴇssᴇs ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴇɢʀᴇᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛʀᴀᴛɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ. Tᴏ ᴘᴇʀғᴏʀᴍ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴍᴀɪɴ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀᴅᴇϙᴜᴀᴛᴇʟʏ, sᴛʀᴀᴛɪғɪᴇᴅ ᴇᴘɪᴛʜᴇʟɪᴜᴍ ɪs ᴀʟsᴏ ϙᴜɪᴛᴇ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋ, ᴍᴀᴋɪɴɢ ɪᴛ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄᴜʟᴀʀʟʏ ᴘᴏᴏʀ ғᴏʀ sᴇᴄʀᴇᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏʀ ᴀʙsᴏʀᴘᴛɪᴏɴ. Hᴏᴡᴇᴠᴇʀ, sᴏᴍᴇ sᴛʀᴀᴛɪғɪᴇᴅ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇs ᴇxʜɪʙɪᴛ sᴏᴍᴇ ᴅᴇɢʀᴇᴇ ᴏғ ᴘᴇʀᴍᴇᴀʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ғᴏʀ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴀɴᴅ sᴍᴀʟʟ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs.

Hope its help✔

gn☺