Question

What are the artificial methods of vegetative reproduction in plants give example

Answer 1

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➡️ The vegetative reproduction is also known as vegetative propagation.

ARTIFICIAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION :
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➡️ Besides using the natural methods of vegetative propagation, we have developed certain artificial methods of vegetative propagation, like ..

✴️ Cutting.

✴️ Layering.

✴️ Grafting.

✴️ Tissue culture.

➡️ These techniques result in the Rapid production of mature plants .

➡️ Thus , crops are produced faster than they would if the plants that grown from seeds .

➡️ This is especially important in the production of crops such as tomato, sugar cane , tea , coffee and Rubber .

✳️ Cutting :
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➡️ A Part of the stem is cut and the cut end is planted in moist soil .

➡️ After sometime, in gives rise to roots, and grows into an independent plant .

➡️ Example : mango , sugarcane and Rose are among the plants propagated by this method .

✳️Layering :
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➡️ In this method, a portion of one of the lowest branches of the plant is bent downwards so that it touches the soil .

➡️ A ring of bark is removed from the portion, which is then covered with soil .

➡️ A brick or some other heavy object is used to keep the branch and soil in place .

➡️ Once the branch strike roots, it is cut off from the main plant and grown separately .

➡️ Example : This method is used with plants like lemon rose and Jasmine .

➡️ Another method of layering is to remove a ring of bark from the branch of a plant and then cover the bare portion with soil .

➡️ Straw or a rag is used to wrap the soil so that it stays in place .

➡️ The portion is watered regularly .

➡️ After 2 or 3 months, roots grow out of it .

➡️ The branch is then cut off and planted in moist soil .

➡️ Example : Guava, mango, Litchi, orange and lemon are some plants propagated by this method .

✳️ Grafting :
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➡️ This method consists of attaching, or tying up, a scion with a stock .

➡️ A scion is a cutting of a young stem, while a stock is the base of a rooted plant's stem .

➡️ The two parts join up after a few days, and then grow as a single plant .

➡️ The scion , also called the graft , and the stock must be of the same or of related species .

➡️ Example : This method is used commonly with mango and rose .

➡️ Buds can also be inserted and that the bark of the stem of the stock plant following is similar procedure .

➡️ Any bud that grows from the stem of the stock plant is removed to allow only the grafted bud to grow .

➡️ Grafting is very useful if one wants to grow a new variety with certain desirable features, such as the colour of a flower or the taste of a fruit .

➡️ The scion is chosen accordingly and inserted into a stock .

✳️ Tissue Culture:
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➡️ Many plant tissues, such as the growing ends of roots , shoots or buds , pieces of a leaf ,or even single cells, have the inherent ability to give rise to a whole new plan when grown on a suitable growth , or culture, medium (plural : media ).

➡️ Plant tissues are cultured on growth media containing various salts ,nutrients, antibiotics and plant hormones in a sterile (germ-free) environment in laboratories.

➡️ This technique is known as tissue culture or micropropagation .

➡️ The Plant tissues used for culture are called explants .

➡️ The explants or washed and sterilized before being used for culture .

➡️ The cells from the explants are allowed to grow and multiply in a growth medium containing equal amount of plant hormones called auxin (which promotes growth of root) and cytokinin (which promotes growth of shoot) .

➡️ This growth medium causes the plant cells to divide and form a mass of undifferentiated cells (self that have not become part of a particular tissue yet) called callus.

➡️ This callus is then transferred to different growth media that promote differential growth of roots and shoots .

➡️ The plantlets are then separated and allowed to grow further .

➡️ The new plants are finally transplanted in Gardens or fields .

➡️ Tissue Culture allows the rapid production of disease -free, high -quality plants in large numbers.

➡️ By this method, disease - free plants can be produced from plants affected by viruses .

➡️ Example : fruit plants, ornamental plants and plants used in Forestry are propagated by this method .

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Answer 2

Ans is here

Cutting

Layering

Grafting