What are the bases of Segmentation? Describe each with examples
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Answer:
The basis of the segmentation is age, sex, education, income, occupation, marital status, family size, family life cycle, religion, nationality and social class. All these variables are either used as a single factor or in combination to segment the market
Explanation:
SEGMENTATION BASES
In order successfully to implement a market segmentation strategy, a business must employ market research techniques to find patterns of similarity among customer preferences in a market. Ideally, customer preferences will fall into distinct clusters based upon identifiable population characteristics. This means that if customer requirements were plotted on a graph using certain characteristics, or segmentation bases, along the axes, the points would tend to form clusters.
In marketing jargon, customer segments must be measurable by clear characteristics; they must be large enough to constitute a market; reaching them should be predictably easy (they all watch American Idol, for example, or subscribe to one of four magazines); they must be predictably responsive to marketing; the segment must be stable over time and not a one-time aggregation.
Determining how to segment a market is one of the most important questions a marketer must face. Creative and effective market segmentation can lead to the development of popular new products; unsuccessful segmentation can consume a lot of dollars and yield nothing. There are three main types of segmentation bases for businesses to consider—descriptive, behavioral, and benefit bases—each of which breaks down into numerous potential customer traits.
Descriptive bases for market segmentation include a variety of factors that describe the demographic and geographic situations of the customers in a market. They are the most commonly used segmentation bases because they are easy to measure, and because they often serve as strong indicators of consumer needs and preferences. Some of the demographic variables that are used as descriptive bases in market segmentation might include age, gender, religion, income, and family size, while some of the geographic variables might include region of the country, climate, and population of the surrounding area.
Behavioral bases for market segmentation are generally more difficult to measure than descriptive bases, but they are often considered to be more powerful determinants of consumer purchases. They include those underlying factors that help motivate consumers to make certain buying decisions, such as personality, lifestyle, and social class. Behavioral bases also include factors that are directly related to consumer purchases of certain goods, such as their degree of brand loyalty, the rate at which they use the product and need to replace it, and their readiness to buy at a particular time.