What are the basic concept of input-output design and organization?
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Answer:This chapter covers the fundamentals of Input‐Output (I/O) Design and Organization. The coverage in this chapter starts with a review of the basic concepts and terminology related to I/O, including the Shared I/O and the Memory‐Mapped I/O Arrangements. A detailed discussion on Programmed I/O is also conducted in the chapter. Discussed also in the chapter is the issues related to Interrupt‐Driven I/O techniques and hardware. A brief introduction to the issues related to interrupt in Operating Systems is also provided. Two example interrupt architectures, Intel 80×86 and ARM RISC, are also presented. Detailed coverage of the Direct Memory Access (DMA) is provide in the chapter. We also provided a detailed coverage of busses and their characteristics and arbitration schemes. Our coverage in this chapter concludes with a brief introduction to I/O interfaces.
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