What are the basic features of federal and unitary system?
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Answer:
The federal features of governance are a dual system of government i.e. center and states, the division of powers between the executive, judiciary and legislature which are the three organs of the state, Supremacy of the Constitution, independent Judiciary and bicameralism. The Indian constitution contains all these features. Thus, it is a federal system. But, it also contains many unitary features such as a strong center, All India Services common to the center and the states, emergency provisions that can modify the Constitution into a unitary one, the appointment of Governors by the President on the advice of the center, etc. Article 1 of the Indian constitution clearly mentions that India is a “Union of states”. Therefore, this makes the Indian Constitution a federal system with unitary features.