what are the causative agent,symptom,prevention of rabies??
Answers
Answer:
After exposure and before symptoms begin, a series of shots can prevent the virus from thriving. This is usually effective. Strategies include: A fast-acting dose of rabies immune globulin: Delivered as soon as possible, close to the bite wound, this can prevent the virus from infecting the individual.
Explanation:
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Explanation:
Rabies is a viral disease that is spread most often from the bite of a rabid animal to another animal or to a human.
The rabies virus affects the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord of humans and animals. During the incubation period, which is the time between exposure to the virus and the appearance of symptoms, the virus travels along nerves towards the brain. This process takes at least 10 days, but may (uncommonly) take as long as 1 year. The infection causes inflammation of the brain and spinal cord that can lead to encephalopathy and, later, death. Encephalopathy is any type of disease that changes the brain's function or structure.
Causes
The bite of a rabid animal (an animal infected with rabies virus) is by far the most common cause of rabies. The virus is carried in the saliva of the rabid animal and is able to enter the body through an opening in the skin, such as a bite wound. Although it is possible to get rabies from a non-bite exposure, this is very rare. For example, non-bite exposures include inhalation of aerosol particles of the virus, or by a rabid animal licking a person's eyes, nose, mouth, or broken skin.
High-risk animals include:
bats
raccoons
foxes
skunks
woodchucks
non-domesticated (wild) dogs
Domestic animals like cats, dogs, and cattle can become rabid if bitten, so it is important to vaccinate them against rabies. Recently, steps have been taken in some countries to immunize wildlife populations using oral baits containing vaccines. This is dramatically reducing the spread to domestic populations of animals.
Symptoms and Complications
From the point where the rabies virus entered the body, the virus moves towards the brain along the nerves. A person may show the first signs of rabies an average of 1 to 3 months after the virus enters the body. In humans, the first symptoms of the disease are non-specific and resemble other viral infections. They include:
pain or tingling at the bite site
a general feeling of illness
fever
headache
nausea and vomiting
depression
As the virus begins to multiply in the spinal cord or brain, neurological symptoms that appear include:
anxiety
confusion
excessive saliva production
hallucinations
high level of excitement
insomnia
paralysis of lower legs
problems swallowing due to painful throat and voice box spasms
hydrophobia (fear at the sight of water despite an intense thirst)
restlessness
Spasms affecting the muscles in the throat and pain or difficulty swallowing are often seen as the disease progresses. Eventually, a person infected with the rabies virus can slip into a coma and die. Death is usually caused by breathing failure. It is important to seek treatment as soon as possible after the initial contact with the infected animal. Treatment must be started before the symptoms develop or it is highly unlikely to be effective in preventing death from the virus.
You can prevent being infected with the rabies virus by remembering these tips:
do not feed wild animals and stay at a safe distance when observing them
supervise children and teach them not to approach or touch animals they do not know
stay away from animals showing signs of rabies
do not bring home wild animals
if you suspect an animal is rabid, stay away from it and contact the local authorities
if you have pets or livestock, make sure to vaccinate them against rabies
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