What are the causes direct intake of cypermethrin by human?
Answers
Pyrethrin (pyrethrum, pyrethroids)
Toxicology
Pyrethrins (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, tetramethrin) are a group of synthetic analogs of the natural substance pyrethrum, which comes from dried chrysanthemum flowers. The pyrethrins are widely used as both domestic and agricultural insecticidal sprays and dusting powders. They have also been used in topical preparations for the treatment of pediculosis (see Chapter 2.17, and overview in Schardein 2000). Low toxicity for human subjects has been reported following pyrethroid exposure.
The National Teratology Information Service in the UK obtained follow-up data (unpublished) on the outcomes of pregnancy in 48 women exposed to this group of pesticides during pregnancy (35 permethrin, 5 deltamethrin, 4 cypermethrin and 4 tetramethrin). There were 41 normal babies, two spontaneous abortions (no post-mortem data available), and five children with anomalies (mild talipes, unilateral inguinal hernia, an abnormal right little toe, bilateral talipes, a heart murmur). No cause-effect relationship with the pyrethroid exposure could be established in any of these infants. A teratogen information program in Australia (Kennedy 2005) published about the safety of permethrin exposure. The data on 113 pregnancies where the mothers had used 1% creme permethrin in the treatment of lice some time during pregnancy indicated that the use of such products was relatively safe. In summary, there are few data on the effects of the pyrethroids in human pregnancy and none that allow any firm conclusions to be drawn.