what are the causes of hardness of water
Answers
Answer:Dissolved calcium & magnesium salts in the water causes hardness - there are two types:
Temporary hardness - caused by the presence of bicarbonate salts; this can be removed by either boiling the water, which causes the salts to decompose into insoluble carbonates, or by treating with calcium hydroxide (which also results in the carbonate salt forming & precipitating out of solution)
Permanent hardness - due to the presence of sulphate & chloride salts. These don’t decompose on heating, so have to be removed by chemical means (usually via ion-exchange resins or water softeners)
The high mineral content can cause a variety of issues, including unwanted reactions with soaps (forming white precipitates rather than lathering - due to calcium stearate formation, which can also block plug holes & drains) and the formation of mineral coatings on the insides of pipes, washing machines & boilers.
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