What are the causes of the loss of wildlife explain class9?
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Lifeform on the earth are in constant evolution and 90% of all lifeforms that ever existed on planet are now extinct and last half billion years has seen 5 major extinction phases but what causes worry is the sixth extinction phase which is unlike the other is because of anthropogenic intervention. Natural extinction is part of evolutionary processes and biological succession which present natural genetic stock but human intervention has accelerated this.
According to a recent study, global wildlife populations have fallen by 58 per cent since 1970, and if the trend continues that decline could reach two-thirds among vertebrates by 2020. The reason for this falling wildlife population are:
Habitat loss: Deforestation, forest fragmentation due to want of land for urbanisation and agriculture is shrinking space for wildlife.
Illegal Wildlife trade and Poaching: Each year, hundreds of millions of plants and animals are caught or harvested from the wild and then sold as food, pets, ornamental plants, leather, tourist curios, and medicine. While a great deal of this trade is legal and is not harming wild populations, a worryingly large proportion is illegal — and threatens the survival of many endangered species. Poaching of elephants for ivory, tigers for their skins and bones, rhinos for their horns has led to decline of these species on planet.
Climate Change: It is natural phenomena but human induced change doesn’t allow time for homeostasis due to increased emission of greenhouse gas emission. Some species that are already in decline due to climate change are: Polar bear, Adélie penguin, North Atlantic cod ,Orange-spotted filefish. Climate change disrupt migration pattern, breeding season and invasion of exotic species which results in adaptation challenge and species-species conflict leading to decline of wildlife.
Pollution: It is one of the primary ways in which humans have caused drastic modifications of wildlife habitat. For example, run-off from an agricultural farm to the ocean are carried into the water, as well as fertilizers. The sediments block sunlight and inhibit the growth of organisms, which photosynthesize, or get their energy from the sunlight, such as corals and algae. This disrupts whole food web and leading to downfall of whole of ecosystem.
Unless urgent steps are taken, we will lose most of our wildlife. We have reached a point where there isn’t really any excuse to let this carry on. Some of the steps that could be taken to conserve wildlife are:
Protected areas: Creation of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, Biosphere reserve etc. Attention have to be given for scientific management of these.
Species specific conservation: where high impact species can be given attention on top priority.
Ex situ conservation like gene banks, captive breeding, botanical garden, zoo etc,
International collaboration to curb illegal trade and poaching.
Empowering people to protect wildlife: local communities could be made partner to help them manage their natural resources and ensure a future that includes healthy wildlife populations and sustainable economic growth.
Eco fencing and wildlife corridors could be made.
Research have to be done to examine the impacts of climate change on populations of terrestrial vertebrates as human-induced climate change is emerging as one of the gravest threats to biodiversity in history. Research on adaptive and mitigative techniques to improve the immunity of animals against climate change as well as how to control on invasive species is also required.
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What causes the destruction of wildlife?
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Originally Answered: What are the factors responsible for the depletion of a wildlife?
Factors Responsible for the Depletion of Wildlife
1) Loss of Wildlife Species Eventually leads to Extinction of a Particular Set of Animal Species. Normally in The Wild, if the Animals do not get adequate Food or Water during a Famine or drought they will perish without Human or a Country’s Forest Department’s assistance.
2) Similarly, in Forest Fires, Many Plants, Trees, Birds, Reptiles, Insect species & Animals get Engulfed by fire – So they will also lose their lives if the Forest fires are not doused on time.
3) Deforestation and Habitat Loss due to Developmental Works & Timber related Tree felling carried out by Human beings also cause untold damage to an Ecosystem and Many Animals are deprived of their Forests and a Safe abode.
4) Hunting and Poaching of Animals also causes a Depletion of a Species of animals in number count.
5) Uncontrolled Fishing and Over Exploitation of Marine resources by Humans are also responsible for Extinction of Aquatic & Amphibious varieties of Animals & reptiles
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