what are the causes of tropospheric pollution
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The majority of tropospheric ozone formation occurs when nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), react in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight. NOx, CO, and VOCs are called ozone precursors.
While there are many natural causes, the principal man-made contributors are: 1. Oxides of sulphur (SOx) 2. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) 3. Carbon monoxide (CO) 4. Ammonia (NH3) 5. Particulates 6. Lead 7. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulphur (SOx – principally SO2) both contribute to the formation of acid rain which can result in damage to aquatic life, crops, trees and erosion of buildings. International controls are already in place limiting emissions of SO2 and NOx. Carbon monoxide arises mainly from the incomplete combustion of fuel (largely road transport) and is now controlled increasingly through the compulsory fitting of catalytic converters to road vehicles. VOCs contribute to creation of excess ozone in the troposphere. Given sunlight, NOx and VOCs in the right proportions and calm air conditions, ozone can build up to form ozone ‘episodes’. These are like ‘clouds’ of ozone which may last for 2 or 3 days and travel considerable distances.
While there are many natural causes, the principal man-made contributors are: 1. Oxides of sulphur (SOx) 2. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) 3. Carbon monoxide (CO) 4. Ammonia (NH3) 5. Particulates 6. Lead 7. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulphur (SOx – principally SO2) both contribute to the formation of acid rain which can result in damage to aquatic life, crops, trees and erosion of buildings. International controls are already in place limiting emissions of SO2 and NOx. Carbon monoxide arises mainly from the incomplete combustion of fuel (largely road transport) and is now controlled increasingly through the compulsory fitting of catalytic converters to road vehicles. VOCs contribute to creation of excess ozone in the troposphere. Given sunlight, NOx and VOCs in the right proportions and calm air conditions, ozone can build up to form ozone ‘episodes’. These are like ‘clouds’ of ozone which may last for 2 or 3 days and travel considerable distances.
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Unlike most other air pollutants, ozone is not directly emitted into the air. Tropospheric ozone is formed by the interaction of sunlight, particularly ultraviolet light, with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, which are emitted by automobile tailpipes and smokestacks.
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