Question

what are the challenges to political parties in India

Answer 1

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Challenges to Political Parties. Lack of Internal Democracy: There is a tendency for power in a party to be concentrated among the leaders at the top. ... Also, personal loyalty to the leaders becomes more important than loyalty to party principles.
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Answer 2

Challenges to political parties:

Some of the challenges which the political parties face are as follows:

Lack of Internal Democracy: In most of the political parties, the power is concentrated in the hands of one or a handful of leaders. Ordinary members of the party cannot even dream of rising to the top. The top leadership is often disconnected with the grassroots workers. Loyalty to the policies and principles of the party has less value than the loyalty to the top leadership.

Dynastic Succession: The top positions in many political parties are usually controlled by members of one family. A person born in a particular family becomes the leader by virtue of his birth; which is not the sign of a healthy democracy. This tendency is present in most of the political parties in India. This is not the case in India alone, but in many other countries as well.

Money and Muscle Power: Winning an election is the ultimate challenge for a political party. For this, a political party leaves no stone unturned and spends huge sum of money on electioneering. Parties often take help of criminals and goons to terrorise voters and polling officers.

Being a Meaningful Choice: Most of the political parties sound similar to one another. Very few political parties give any real alternative. People have no choice than choosing the better of the two evils. In some states, the party in power just changes every five year but people seldom experience change on the ground.