what are the changes occurring in the passage of food through alimentary canal upto anus in human beings?
Answers
Answer:
The digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal (also called the digestive tract) and other organs, such as the liver and pancreas. The alimentary canal is the long tube of organs — including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines — that runs from the mouth to the anus.
Answer:
As food enters your mouth, your teeth begin mechanically breaking down the food into small and smaller pieces. The saliva starts to chemically break it down as well. Soon, your conscious mind says, “lets swallow this food.” You swallow it and take another bite.
While you’re thinking about your next bite of food, your nervous system is helping to move the bolus (the food package you swallowed), down throat. A small flap of skin called your epiglottis makes sure your food goes down your esophagus. Movements of the smooth muscles, known as peristalsis help move that bolus down your esophagus. When it reaches your stomach, a sphincter opens and dumps the food in.
Inside the stomach, cells start to secrete different acids that help increase acidity to a pH of 2. This strong acidic environment kills most bacteria and starts to chemically break apart the food. Movements of the smooth muscles in the stomach, known as peristalsis mix and churn the food up more. After the food has been well mixed and has a consistency of oatmeal, it is ready to move to the small intestine. At this stage it is known as chyme.
To move into the small intestine, chyme must pass through the pyloric sphincter. From here it enters the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. The liver mixes in bile, which helps break down fats in the food. The pancreas also secretes digestive enzymes that aid in digestion.
Most of the nutrients are absorbed from the small intestine and moved into the blood stream via a system of small folds, called villi.
After the food moves through the small intestine it enters the large intestine. The large intestine is named for the diameter of the cavity and not for the length. It is actually much shorter than the small intestine. The role of the large intestine is to remove any extra water from the digested material before it is finally excreted
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