Question

What are the characteristics of modern manufacturing industry?

Answer 1

Answer:

plz mark as BRAINLIEST

Explanation:

Modern manufacturing methods enable the fabrication of composite primary load carrying structures for commercial aircraft use which are low cost as well as low weight. These structures require a damage tolerance evaluation for certification to Part 23 or Part 25 of the FAA regulations.

Composite structures can be designed to tolerate large puncture damage with little weight penalty. It may not be required by regulation to carry ultimate loads after impact damage (it depends on the inspections specified). However, a more robust and more economical to operate product will result when composite structures are designed to carry ultimate load with impact damage. A rational damage scenario and supporting element test program will assist considerably the damage tolerance evaluation.

Composite structures are relatively insensitive to fatigue loading, and a high (compared to aluminum) flaw-growth threshold may be defined from flaw-growth test results. Scatter in flaw-growth life should be examined in order to establish a load-enhancement factor for use in the full-scale cyclic tests. The application of a flaw-growth threshold and a load-enhancement factor will enable full-scale fatigue tests to be conducted more economically than on equivalent metal structures.

With a combination of careful design, rational testing, and advanced manufacturing techniques, we can expect to see continuing growth in applications of composites in civil aviation primary structures.