What are the characteristics of primitive subsistence farming?
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Primitive subsistence farming is planting enough grain, vegetables and fruit and raising enough dairy cows or goats to feed your own family and provide a tiny bit of income to pay for shoes and one set of clothes per year for each member of the family. Third world nations have primarily subsistence farmers or less.
The main characteristics of the Primitive subsistence agriculture are as follows:
(i) Very small holdings
(ii) Farming is very intensive
(iii) Much hand labour is entailed
(iv) Use of animal and plant manures
(v) Dominance of padi and other food crops
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Primitive or Simple Subsistence Farming:
It is considered one of the oldest form of agriculture that is still practiced certain areas of the world.
Primitive Farming is done typically on self-sufficient basis. Crops are grown for solely for their family. If there is any surpluses, it is sold.
Features of primitive farming are:
1) The sites for primitive subsistence agriculture is usually the forest areas especially hilly slope for better drainage. Tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks are used by the farmers to promote plant growth.
2) It is also known as ‘slash-and-burn agriculture’ because forests are cleared by burning them to ashes. These ashes are treated as natural manure.
3) ‘Field rotation’ is practiced instead of ‘crop rotation’. When there is exhaustion of soil nutrients, the land is abandoned and new forest area is cleared for farming.
4) Only few crops are raised. The main crops grown are maize or corn, tapioca, yams, cassava or manioc, millet, beans, upland rice and bananas.