Question

What are the chemical methods are used to extract metal from its oxide for middle reactivity series and top reactivity series

Answer 1

Metals at the top in the reactivity series like K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al..........................have great affinity for oxygen as they are very reactive, so they must be reduced by electrolysis.

Metals in the middle (except zinc) can be reduced by convenient reducing agents like coke, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and ammonia. For example, let's reduce lead oxide.
1. PbO + C -------> Pb + CO
2. PbO + CO -------> Pb + CO2
3. PbO + H2 -------> Pb + H2O
4. 3PbO + 2NH3 --------> 3Pb + N2 + 3H2O

Zinc oxide can be reduced only by coke.
ZnO + C --------> Zn + CO.



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Answer 2

Answer:

1 ) .Reactivity series :

It is series of decreasing order of metals' reactivity. Hydrogen is place in middle of series. Above hydrogen metals are more reactive in nature below are less. Metal which is more reactive it displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution.

2 ) . Some chemical method for extraction :

a ) . In order to obtaining a metal from its  oxides for metals in the high of the reactivity series their oxides are reduced to metals by the process of electrolysis

For instance :

Electrolysis of sodium chloride :

Na⁺ + e⁻  ⇒ Na   [ At cathode ]

2 Cl⁻ ⇒ Cl₂ + 2 e⁻   [ At anode ]

b ) . In order to obtaining a metal from its  oxides for metals in the middle of the reactivity series then metals towards oxides of such metals can be reduced with coke (carbon) which acts as a reducing agent.

For instance :

2 Fe₂O₃ + 3 C  ⇒ 4 Fe + 3 CO₂.

c ). In order to obtaining a metal from its  oxides for metals in the least reactive roasting should be done.