What are the chemical properties of 13th and 14th group elements ?
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Answers
Answer:
To Explain:
Chemical Properties of Group 13 and Group 14 elements
Explanation:
Chemical Properties of Group 13 elements are as follows:
1. The elements form Oxides and Hydroxides:
Basicity of the Oxides and Hydroxides increases down the group .
This is because ionic radius and basic character increase down the group.
2. The acidic character decreases down the group.
3. Some of the elements follow Diagonal Relationship such that
a) Beryllium with Aluminum
b) Boron with Silicon
4. Reaction with Halides :
The elements react with Halogens to form Elemental -halides.
Among the elements, Boron halide forms dimer, in order to gain stability.
5. Reaction with water :
These elements react with water to form Hydrated compounds . For example Aluminum has "6 " molecules of water of crystallization
[ Al(H2O)6 ] .
They also react with water to form Oxides and Hydroxides . These oxides and Hydroxides are powerful bases.
6. Reaction with air :
Boron is unreactive to oxidation in air. Aluminum forms a thin layer of oxide.
7. Reaction with acids and alkalis :
Boron is unreactive to acids and alkalis. But Aluminum shows amphoteric character towards acids and alkalis.
8. Stability of oxidation state:
Stability of +3 oxidation state decreases down the group. Stability of +1 state increases down the group.
Chemical Properties of Group 14 elements:
1. Reaction with Hydrogen:
These elements react with Hydrogen to form stable hydrides. Classic examples are the Hydrocarbons.
2. Reaction with Oxygen:
These elements react with Oxygen to form Oxides of the form MO and MO2.
3. Reactions with Halogens:
These elements react with Halogens to form Halides of the form MX4. The shape is Tetrahedral (sp3 hybridised).
4. Stability of Oxidation States:
Stability of +2 Oxidation State increases down the group. Stability of +4 oxidation state decreases down the group.