what are the chemical properties of Hydrogen
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Chemical Properties of Hydrogen
Hydrogen gas (H2) is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4 percent and 75 percent by volume. The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is -286 kJ/mol, and is described by the equation:
[latex]2 \text{H}_2(\text{g}) + \text{O}_2(\text{g}) \rightarrow 2 \text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{l}) + 572 \text{kJ} (286 \text{kJ}/\text{mol H}_2)[/latex]
Hydrogen gas can also explode in a mixture of chlorine (from 5 to 95 percent). These mixtures can explode in response to a spark, heat, or even sunlight. The hydrogen autoignition temperature (the temperature at which spontaneous combustion will occur) is 500 °C. Pure hydrogen- oxygen flames emit ultraviolet light and are invisible to the naked eye. As such, the detection of a burning hydrogen leak is dangerous and requires a flame detector. Because hydrogen is buoyant in air, hydrogen flames ascend rapidly and cause less damage than hydrocarbon fires. H2 reacts with oxidizing elements, which in turn react spontaneously and violently with chlorine and fluorine to form the corresponding hydrogen halides.
H2 does form compounds with most elements despite its stability. When participating in reactions, hydrogen can have a partial positive charge when reacting with more electronegative elements such as the halogens or oxygen, but it can have a partial negative charge when reacting with more electropositive elements such as the alkali metals. When hydrogen bonds with fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, it can participate in a form of medium-strength noncovalent (intermolecular) bonding called hydrogen bonding, which is critical to the stability of many biological molecules. Compounds that have hydrogen bonding with metals and metalloids are known as hydrides.
Oxidation of hydrogen removes its electron and yields the H+ ion. Often, the H+ in aqueous solutions is referred to as the hydronium ion (H3O+). This species is essential in acid-base chemistry.
Hydrogen gas (H2) is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4 percent and 75 percent by volume. The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is -286 kJ/mol, and is described by the equation:
[latex]2 \text{H}_2(\text{g}) + \text{O}_2(\text{g}) \rightarrow 2 \text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{l}) + 572 \text{kJ} (286 \text{kJ}/\text{mol H}_2)[/latex]
Hydrogen gas can also explode in a mixture of chlorine (from 5 to 95 percent). These mixtures can explode in response to a spark, heat, or even sunlight. The hydrogen autoignition temperature (the temperature at which spontaneous combustion will occur) is 500 °C. Pure hydrogen- oxygen flames emit ultraviolet light and are invisible to the naked eye. As such, the detection of a burning hydrogen leak is dangerous and requires a flame detector. Because hydrogen is buoyant in air, hydrogen flames ascend rapidly and cause less damage than hydrocarbon fires. H2 reacts with oxidizing elements, which in turn react spontaneously and violently with chlorine and fluorine to form the corresponding hydrogen halides.
H2 does form compounds with most elements despite its stability. When participating in reactions, hydrogen can have a partial positive charge when reacting with more electronegative elements such as the halogens or oxygen, but it can have a partial negative charge when reacting with more electropositive elements such as the alkali metals. When hydrogen bonds with fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, it can participate in a form of medium-strength noncovalent (intermolecular) bonding called hydrogen bonding, which is critical to the stability of many biological molecules. Compounds that have hydrogen bonding with metals and metalloids are known as hydrides.
Oxidation of hydrogen removes its electron and yields the H+ ion. Often, the H+ in aqueous solutions is referred to as the hydronium ion (H3O+). This species is essential in acid-base chemistry.
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