what are the conditions necessary for a chemical reaction to take place
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Light
Surface Area
The rate of chemical reaction is slow if the surface area of the reactants is small as there is less chance to contact between the reactants. On the other hand, when the surface area is big, the rate of chemical reaction increases. So, in order to increase the reaction rate, the surface area of the reactants should be larger.
Example:
When large-sized granulated zinc is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid, they react together rapidly and form hydrogen gas and zinc chloride.
Zn + dil. 2HCL → ZnCl2 + H2 ↑
Catalyst
A catalyst is a substance that changes the speed of a chemical reaction without undergoing any changes.
Example:
Manganese dioxide (MnO2) acts as a catalyst in the decomposition of potassium chlorate on heating at low temperature. At the end of the chemical reaction, the amount of catalyst remains similar to that of the beginning.
2KClO3 −→−−−−−−−MnO2/240oC
2KCl + 3O2 ↑
Pressure
Some chemical reaction takes place only by applying the pressure. The certain amount of pressure is necessary for them to conduct the reaction.
Example:
When sulphur and potassium chlorate are mixed together and placed under high pressure, they explode loudly. Similarly, nitrogen reacts with hydrogen under high pressure to give ammonia gas.
(1vol)N2+(3vol)3H2−→−−−−−−−−−−500oC,FeandMo200−900atm(2vols)2NH3
Heat
There are various reactions that take place only under the certain temperature. When heat is supplied to the reactants they go under reaction as heat also increases the rate for the chemical reaction.
Example:
There is a reaction between copper and sulphuric acid on heating that produces SO2.
Cu + Conc. 2H2SO4 −→Δ
CuSO4 + 2H2O
Light
Light is also one of the factors that stimulate the rate of reaction. There are some reactions that undergo only in the presence of light.
Example:
Hydrogen reacts violently with chlorine in the presence of diffused sunlight to produce hydrogen chloride.
H2 + Cl2 −→−−−−sunlight
2HCl
In the presence of sunlight, green plants manufacture food in the form of glucose using carbon dioxide and water as raw material.
6H2O + 6CO2 −→−−−−−−ChlorophyllSunlight
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Catalyst
Hope it helps
Surface Area
The rate of chemical reaction is slow if the surface area of the reactants is small as there is less chance to contact between the reactants. On the other hand, when the surface area is big, the rate of chemical reaction increases. So, in order to increase the reaction rate, the surface area of the reactants should be larger.
Example:
When large-sized granulated zinc is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid, they react together rapidly and form hydrogen gas and zinc chloride.
Zn + dil. 2HCL → ZnCl2 + H2 ↑
Catalyst
A catalyst is a substance that changes the speed of a chemical reaction without undergoing any changes.
Example:
Manganese dioxide (MnO2) acts as a catalyst in the decomposition of potassium chlorate on heating at low temperature. At the end of the chemical reaction, the amount of catalyst remains similar to that of the beginning.
2KClO3 −→−−−−−−−MnO2/240oC
2KCl + 3O2 ↑
Pressure
Some chemical reaction takes place only by applying the pressure. The certain amount of pressure is necessary for them to conduct the reaction.
Example:
When sulphur and potassium chlorate are mixed together and placed under high pressure, they explode loudly. Similarly, nitrogen reacts with hydrogen under high pressure to give ammonia gas.
(1vol)N2+(3vol)3H2−→−−−−−−−−−−500oC,FeandMo200−900atm(2vols)2NH3
Heat
There are various reactions that take place only under the certain temperature. When heat is supplied to the reactants they go under reaction as heat also increases the rate for the chemical reaction.
Example:
There is a reaction between copper and sulphuric acid on heating that produces SO2.
Cu + Conc. 2H2SO4 −→Δ
CuSO4 + 2H2O
Light
Light is also one of the factors that stimulate the rate of reaction. There are some reactions that undergo only in the presence of light.
Example:
Hydrogen reacts violently with chlorine in the presence of diffused sunlight to produce hydrogen chloride.
H2 + Cl2 −→−−−−sunlight
2HCl
In the presence of sunlight, green plants manufacture food in the form of glucose using carbon dioxide and water as raw material.
6H2O + 6CO2 −→−−−−−−ChlorophyllSunlight
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Catalyst
Hope it helps
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Answer:
According to the collision theory, the following criteria must be met in order for a chemical reaction to occur: Molecules must collide with sufficient energy, known as the activation energy, so that chemical bonds can break. Molecules must collide with the proper orientation.
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