Question

What are the controls affecting the climate of India?

Briefly explain each one of them. 5 marks ​

Answer 1

Answer:

Climatic controls are the factors that control the variations in temperature in the climate of India. There are six major climatic controls. They are:

•Latitude: As the earth is round, sunlight does not reach everywhere equally. The temperature decreases as we move from the equator to the poles.

•Altitude: As we move from the surface of the earth to the higher altitudes, the temperature decreases.

•Pressure and wind system: The pressure and wind system of any area depend on the latitude and altitude of that place. Thus, it influences the temperature accordingly.

•Distance from the sea: Coastal regions are cooler as compared to interior regions. As the distance from the sea increases, its influence decreases and the people experience extreme weather conditions.

•Ocean currents: Cold ocean currents flowing over a region will decrease the temperature of that area whereas warm currents will increase the temperature.

•Relief features: Relief features are the barriers that block currents from entering the country. High mountains act as barriers for cold or hot winds.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Explanation:

Latitude

We know that Tropic of Cancer, which separates the tropical areas and the sub-tropical areas of the earth, passes through the middle of Rann of Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east. Therefore, the climate of India has characteristics of both tropical and sub-tropical climates.

Altitude

India has very tall mountains of about 6000 meters. The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from central Asia from entering India. It is due to this reason that India has a milder winter as compared to central Asia.

Pressure and Winds

India has unique wind and pressure conditions. During winter, the northern area near the Himalayas has high pressure. Therefore, winds from this region blow to the south where the pressure is lower. In summer, the northern part has lower pressure. Therefore, there is a reversal of wind direction. The winds from the south blow towards the north. These winds greatly affect the climate of India.