Question

What are the Defects of Law of Octaves?

Answer 1

$\bold{ \underline{ \underline{ Newlands \: Law \: of \: Octaves :-}}}$


=> In 1865 , an English Chemist ,JOHN ALEXANDER NEWLANDS observed that the properties of elements are related to its atomic mass also he observed that eighth element has properties similar to that of the first.


=> He arranged the elements in increasing order of their atomic mass.


=> He started with element Hydrogen (lowest atomic mass ) and ended at thorium 56 element.


=> He compared it's octaves with the notes of music so it is also called Law of Octaves.



$\bold{ \underline{ \underline{LIMITATIONS:-}}}$


● Law of Octaves was applicable only upto calcium.


● In order to fit elements in his period table Newland adjusted the element in same note.


● He put unlike elements in same note. example :- Cobalt , Nickel is place in same same column as flourine, chlorine , bromine which have different properties and elements with same properties in different notes . Iron is placed very far away from Cobalt and nickel.


● No fixed position was assigned to Hydrogen in his periodic table.

● It was assumed by Newlands that only 56 element existed in nature and no more element would be discovered in future. But later on several new elements were discovered.

Answer 2

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The drawbacks of Newland's law of octaves are as follows:

✔There was no proper place for hydrogen.

✔Transition elements were not considered for octaves.

✔The observation made by Newland does not hold well for those elements which lying beyond Ca. After Calcium,every eighth element did not possess properties similar to that of the first.

✔The elements that were discovered later could not be fitted into the law of octaves.

✔After the discovery of Nobel gases,it became difficult to fit them in Newland's periodic table.


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