what are the design principles to achive natural ventilation in buildings?
Answers
Answer:
Ventilation systems may be classified according their ability to supply and withdraw air from the rooms ventilated. It is common to differentiate between the:
1.short cut principle..
2.mixed principle..
3.displacement principle..
4.piston principle..
The Short Cut Principle
The ventilation system is "short cut" when the make up air is withdrawn from the room before it has been in the people operating zones.
shortcut ventilation
A "short cut" will reduce the efficiency of the ventilation system, has no mission, and is in general avoided.
The Mixed Principle
With a ventilation system based on the mixed principle, make up air is supplied to the room with high speed, and/or local fans are used to mix the air in the room to an homogenous mass.
mixed ventilaton
The mixed principle is suited for ventilation, cooling and heating systems..
The Displacement Principle
With the displacement principle heat and pollution is transferred from the residence zone close to the floor - to the ceiling where it's evacuated through the outlet system.
Displacement ventilation
Make up air is supplied with low velocity very close to the floor. The supply air is normally colder than the average air in the residence zone. The evacuated air close to the ceiling is warmer than the average air in the residence zone.
Activities in the room, people and machines, creates convective air flows from the floor to the ceiling:
heat and pollutions are transferred out of the residence zone
heat (lights) supplied under the ceiling have limited influence on the temperatures in the room
the cooling temperatures of the air supplies are limited to some degrees under the temperature in the residence zone
the pollution concentration in the residence zone is limited
The displacement ventilation system is suited for ventilation and cooling systems. The system is not suited for heating.
The Piston Principle
In a ventilation system based on the piston principle the supply air moves through the rooms like a "piston".
piston ventilation
The piston principle can be regarded as an extreme variant of the displacement system with a minimum of turbulence in
the air flow passing through the room.
used in special applications - like clean rooms, operating theaters etc.
Explanation:
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"Design Recommendations
- Maximize wind-induced ventilation by siting the ridge of a building perpendicular to the summer winds.
- Naturally ventilated buildings should be narrow.
- Each room should have two separate supply and exhaust openings.
- Window openings should be operable by the occupants.
- Provide ridge vents.
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