Question

what are the difference between acids and base?

Answer 1

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Difference Between Acid and Base

While learning the subjectChemistry, one would certainly come across the words Acids and Bases in particular. Acids may be defined as the compounds that donate an ion of hydrogen (H+) to another compound(usually called a base). Conventionally, an acid used to be known as the chemical compound that once dissolved in water, produces a solution that has a low activity of hydrogen ion than water in its purest form.

A base on the other hand which is soluble in nature is termed as an alkali. Liquids that are volatile (acids) once mixed with certain substances would produce salts. The produced salts would form a base that are concrete and thus they were termed as bases. Acids usually are H+ donors while Bases are H+ acceptors.



Acid and Base

Basis     Acid Base          DefinitionAn acid is any chemical compound once dissolved in water produces a solution with hydrogen ion activity more than purified waterA base is an aqueous substance that could absorb hydrogen ions.          StrengthRelies on the concentration of the hydronium ionsRelies on the concentration of the hydroxide ions          ExamplesAcetic acid CH3COOH and sulphuric acidSodium Hydroxide (NAOH) and Ammonia          Characteristics         (Physical)Would depend upon the temperature acids would look solid, liquid or in the form of gas. It would also have a sour taste.Bases would feel slippery and solid in nature except ammonia which is gaseous. It would have a bitter taste.     DisassociationAcids would release hydrogen ions (h+) when mixed with waterBases would release hydroxide ions(OH-) when mixed with waterTest with LitmusWould turn litmus paper red

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Answer 2

Acids form h+ ions in solution while bases form oh-ions in solution..... Acids turn blue litmus to red while bases turns red litmus to redCharacteristics of Acids:

taste sour when they are eatencan sting the skin when they are touchedcan corrode (or eat away at) metals and skincan be used as a reactant during electrolysis due to the presence of mobile ionsturn blue litmus paper redare studied in chemistry and biologyturn red or orange on universal indicator

Acids can be classified into:

Strong acids — the most common are sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid (H2SO4, HNO3 and HCl, respectively).Some concentrated weak acids, for example formic acid and acetic acidStrong Lewis acids such as anhydrous aluminum chloride and boron trifluorideLewis acids with specific reactivity, e.g. solutions of zinc chlorideExtremely strong acids (superacids)

Characteristics of Bases (Alkalis):

Bitter taste (opposed to sour taste of acids)Slimy, or soapy feel on fingersMany bases react with acids and precipitate salts.Strong bases may react violently with acids. An acid spill can be safely neutralised by using a mild base.Bases turn red litmus paper blueBases are substances that contain metal oxides or hydroxidesBases which are soluble in water form alkalis (soluble bases)

Bases can be classified into:

Caustics or alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH)Alkali metals in the metallic form (e.g. elemental sodium), and hydrides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, such as sodium hydride, function as strong bases and hydrate to give causticsExtremely strong bases (superbases) such as alkoxides, metal amides (e.g. sodium amide) and organometallic bases such as butyllithiumSome concentrated weak bases, such as ammonia when anhydrous or in a concentrated solution