Question

What are the differences between active earth pressure and passive earth pressure?

Answer 1

While the passive pressure will not 'respond', until it is 'attacked' by wall pushed by active pressure. Active earth pressure is the one that is exerted by the soil that tends to overturn or slide the retaining wall. ... Passive earth pressure is the one exerted from the other side and that tends to stabilize it.

Answer 2

As far as the wall so moves, the shifting force (due to active pressure) is reducing, while resisting force (due to passive pressure) is increasing. ... Active earth pressure is the one that is exerted by the soil that tends to overturn or slide the retaining wall.