Question

What are the differences between user-level threads and kernel-level threads? Under what circumstances is one type better than the other?

Answer 1

Answer:

Usᴇʀ-ʟᴇᴠᴇʟ ᴛʜʀᴇᴀᴅs ᴀʀᴇ ᴇᴀsɪᴇʀ ᴀɴᴅ ғᴀsᴛᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ᴄʀᴇᴀᴛᴇ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴋᴇʀɴᴇʟ-ʟᴇᴠᴇʟ ᴛʜʀᴇᴀᴅs. Tʜᴇʏ ᴄᴀɴ ᴀʟsᴏ ʙᴇ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴇᴀsɪʟʏ ᴍᴀɴᴀɢᴇᴅ. Usᴇʀ-ʟᴇᴠᴇʟ ᴛʜʀᴇᴀᴅs ᴄᴀɴ ʙᴇ ʀᴜɴ ᴏɴ ᴀɴʏ ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ. Tʜᴇʀᴇ ᴀʀᴇ ɴᴏ ᴋᴇʀɴᴇʟ ᴍᴏᴅᴇ ᴘʀɪᴠɪʟᴇɢᴇs ʀᴇϙᴜɪʀᴇᴅ ғᴏʀ ᴛʜʀᴇᴀᴅ sᴡɪᴛᴄʜɪɴɢ ɪɴ ᴜsᴇʀ-ʟᴇᴠᴇʟ ᴛʜʀᴇᴀᴅs.

Answer 2

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User-level threads are easier and faster to create than kernel-level threads. They can also be more easily managed. User-level threads can be run on any operating system. There are no kernel mode privileges required for thread switching in user-level threads.