What are the different causes of soil erosion pertaining to the following regions? Suggest remedial measures for the same.
a) Mountains
b) Deserts
pls tell me fast its very important
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:The soil is the top layer of the earth’s surface. It is made up of dirt and rock. It is filled with air and life. A variety of organisms, like insects, earthworm, live in soil. For plants, soil serves as a storehouse of water and minerals needed for their growth. It also provides shelter to many animals that live on or in the soil. Without soil, there would be no grass, no crops, no trees, no food for us and other animals.
1.Causes of soil erosion in mountains may be due to human activities like farming, building houses, deforestation etc and natural occurrence of landslides, earthquake, heavy rainfall etc. This can be reduced by putting check on deforestation, building of settlements incessantly etc.
2.Causes of erosion in deserts is mainly due to wind and drought. This can be checked by restoring water, rain harvesting etc.
Soil conservation
Prevention of soil erosion is also called conservation of soil. The soil erosion can be prevented by the following ways:
1. Afforestation
Planting new trees and plants is afforestation. We live because plants live. If the plants die, all living things will also die. Thus, whenever trees are cut down new trees should be planted. Planting trees in hilly areas are most effective for conservation.
2. Crop Rotation
Between harvesting one crop and planting the next crop, the fields lie bare; there is a time period when the farmland does not have any crops. During this period, the farmer either grows grass or grows other crops to prevent soil from erosion. This helps the soil to regain the lost minerals.
3. Terrace Farming
In hilly areas, farming is done by cutting steps on the slopes of the hills. This slows down the flow of water and soil removed from one step is deposited on the next step. Thus, the soil is never completely lost. This is terrace farming.
4. Building Dams
Dams are built to prevent floods, which not only damage the crops but also wash away the topsoil.
5. Shelterbelts
The cover of plants and trees around the field also breaks the speed of strong winds and protects the soil from being blown away.
6. Embankments
Bib strong structure called embankments along the banks of the river can protect fields from the floods. These embankments prevent the fast overflowing rivers and rainwater from washing away a huge amount of rich fertile soil.
7. Van Mahotsav
It is an annual tree planting festival started by the Government of India. The aim of this programme is to create awareness about the need for conservation of forest and soil.