What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies ? Give an example of each of these.
Answers
1. horizontal distribution of power.
power is shared among different organs of the government such as legislature executive and judiciary. this arrangement is called horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of the government placed at the same level to exercise different powers.
2. Federal Government and vertical division of power.
power can be shared among government at different levels general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. such a General government for the entire country is usually called Federal government. in India ready for it to us Central or union government. the government at the provincial or regional level are called by different names in different countries.
3. community government
power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. community government in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement.
4.coalition government
power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power. in a democracy the citizens must have freedom to choose among various contenders of different political parties for power.
5. different interest groups
in a democracy we find the internet tricks like traders Businessman industrialists commerce and industrial workers. they also have a seat in comment on power through participation in governmental communities or bringing influence on the decision making process
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Answer:
The different forms of power sharing in modern democracies are:
Horizontal Division of Power: It is the sharing of power among the different organs of government, for example, power sharing by the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. In this type of power sharing arrangement, different organs of government, placed at the same level, exercised different powers. Such a separation ensure that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power, thereby putting a check on each other. For example, judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the functioning of executive or laws made by the legislatures.
Vertical Division of Power: It is a system of power sharing among governments at different levels. A general government for the entire country usually known as federal government and governments at provincial or regional levels also known as State Government in India. In India, we refer to it as the Central Government, State Governments, Municipality, Gram Panchayat etc. The Constitution lays down the powers of different levels of government.
Division of Power among different Social Groups: Power can also be shared among different groups which differ socially like different religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community Government’ in Belgium is a good example of this type of power sharing. The system of reserved constituencies in India is another example. Such an arrangement is used to give minority communities space in the government and administration and a fair share in power, who otherwise would feel alienated from the government.
Division of Power among Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements: In contemporary democracies such a division takes the form of competition among different parties, which in turn ensure that power does not remain in one hand and is shared among different political parties representing different ideologies and social groups. Sometimes this kind of sharing is direct when two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections.