Question

what are the different problems that ate being faced by the labours who migrate from rural to urban areas​

Answer 1

unhygiene

water pollution

Answer 2

Answer:

Your answer is here.

Explanation:

➠ Migration Problem of Labours.

When labours are migrate from rural to urban Areas They faced many problems such as difficult to work here .

Seven Crucial Problems Faced by Urban Society are: 1. Housing and Slums, 2. Crowding and Depersonalisation, 3. Water Supply and Drainage, 4. Transportation and Traffic, 5. Power Shortage, 6. Sanitation, 7. Pollution.

Urban problems are endless. To name the more important among them are: pollution, corruption, unemployment, crime and juvenile delin­quency, overcrowding and slums, drug addiction and alcoholism, and begging. We analyze here some of the more crucial problems.

1. Housing and Slums:

Housing people in a city or abolishing ‘houselessness’ is a serious prob­lem. Government, industrialists, capitalists, entrepreneurs, contractors, and landlords have been unable to keep pace with the housing needs of the poor and the middle class people.

According to the 1988 UNI report (The Hindustan Times, 9 May, 1988), between one-fourth and half of the urban population in India’s largest cities lives in makeshift shelters and shims. Millions of people are required to pay excessive rent, that is, one which is beyond their means.

In our profit-oriented economy, private landlords and colonizers find little profit in building houses in cities for the poor and the lower middle-class people; rather they consider it gainful to concentrate instead on meeting the housing needs of the rich and the upper-middle class.

The result has been higher rents and a scramble for the few available houses. Almost half of the population are either ill- housed or pay more than 20 per cent of their income on rent. In some states Housing Boards and City Development Authorities have tried to remedy the city housing problem with active financial support from the Life Insurance Corporation, HUDCO and such other agencies.

They even charge the total housing cost in monthly instalments on interest varying between 9 per cent and 11 per cent. Thus, housing in cities even today continues to be a gigantic problem next only to food and clothing. The estimated shortage of houses at the beginning of the Eighth Plan was about 30 million units, out of which about 8 million were required for ur­ban areas. By 1998, the shortage was expected to grow to 13 million units in urban areas.

In Delhi alone, which has seen a population increase from 6.2 to 9.3 million between 1981 and 1991, there is an addition of 60,000 people each year who need to be provided with new housing. Almost 70 per cent of Delhi’s population, according to a UNI report, lives in sub­standard conditions. With the country’s slum population of 1991 standing at nearly 40 million, slum dwellers form 44 per cent of popula­tion in Delhi, 45 per cent in Mumbai, 42 per cent in Calcutta, and 39 per cent in Chennai.

The situation is no better in eight other metropolises of Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Kanpur, Pune, Nagpur, Lucknow and Jaipur. Slum population, governmental efforts notwithstanding, is ex­pected to show a sizable increase by 2010 aggravating the housing existing problem and squalor conditions. Living conditions in slum areas are char­acterised by overcrowding, poor environmental conditions, scarcity of health and family welfare services, and total absence of minimum level of residential accommodation. As a result, conditions of people living in slums are far more pathetic than in rural areas.

2. Crowding and Depersonalisation:

Crowding (density of population) and people’s apathy to other persons’ problems (including their neighbors’ problems) is another problem growing out of city life. Some homes are so overcrowded that five to six persons live in one room.

Some city neighbourhoods are extremely over­crowded. Overcrowding has very deleterious effects. It encourages deviant behaviour, spreads diseases, and creates conditions for mental ill­ness, alcoholism, and riots. One effect of dense urban living is people’s apathy and indifference. City-dwellers do not want to ‘get involved’ in other people’s affairs. Some people do take interest in accidents and in cases of molestations, assaults and even murders but most people choose to be mere onlookers.

3. Water Supply and Drainage:

We have reached a stage where no city has round the clock water supply. Intermittent supply results in a vacuum being created in empty water lines which often suck in pollutants through leaking joints. Cities like Chen­nai, Hyderabad, Rajkot, Ajmer, and Udaipur get water from municipal sources for less than an hour a day.