Question

what are the different steps in respiration

Answer 1

Glycolysis

The first step in aerobic respiration is glycolysis, which literally means the breakdown of glucose. This process takes place in the cytoplasm, which is a jelly-like substance in your cells. During glycolysis, molecules of glucose are broken down to yield four molecules of ATP, two three-carbon molecules called pyruvate and two molecules of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NADH. Although four ATP molecules are created here, the net result is only two molecules of ATP. This is because glycolysis actually uses two ATPs during the first phase of the process to generate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

Acetyl-CoA

The next step in aerobic respiration is the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A. This occurs in the mitochondria, which are small energy organelles within your cells. The pyruvate that was created during glycolysis is converted to a two-carbon acetyl group, which then combines with coenzyme A to produce acetyl-coA.

Krebs Cycle

The third step in aerobic respiration also takes place in your mitochondria. The acetyl-coA that was produced from pyruvate combines during the Krebs cycle to produce oxaloacetate, thus forming citrate. This citrate then undergoes several conversion steps to form the following compounds, in order: isocitrate, alpha ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate and malate. Along the way, one molecule of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), three molecules of NADH and one molecule of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2), are produced. The GTP is then converted into a molecule of ATP.

Electron Transport Chain

The final step of aerobic respiration is the electron transport chain, or ETC. This last step uses the NADH and FADH2 that were created in previous steps to generate ATP. A lot of ATP, actually -- 34 molecules of ATP to be exact. The ETC accomplishes this large production of ATP by pumping out the hydrogens from the NADH and FADH2 to the inner membrane of your mitochondria, thus creating an electrochemical proton (H+) gradient. Chemical energy is therefore generated, and this energy is used to create energy in the form of ATP via the ATP synthase enzyme.

Answer 2

we have two type of respiration.
1. Aerobic respiration
2. anaerobic respiration.

A. aerobic respiration is completed in two phase.
- Glycolysis or anaerobic phase: it take place in cytoplasm and glucose molecule is broken down to 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.
- aerobic phase: it take place in the presence of oxygen in mitochondria . pyruvic acid formed during Glycolysis is completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water. its also called Krebs cycle.

so in anaerobic respiration.
- anaerobic animal, pyruvic acid is broken down to lactic acid. This is also known as Lactic Acid fermentation
- in yeast, bacteria and other plants, pyruvic acid i s broken down to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide is released. This type is anaerobic respiration is also known as Alcoholic Fermentation .
Hope it may help u.