What are the different types of joints present in our body for different types of movements? Describe ball and socket joint with a diagram.
Answers
The human skeletal system is divided into three types based on different types of movements Synarthroses (there is no movement), Amphiarthroses (minimum movement) and Diarthroses (good degrees of movement).
Explanation:
The types of joints allowing good movement in the human skeletal system are Ball and socket joint, Hinge joint, Pivot joints, Condyloid joint and Saddle joint.
Ball and socket joints are bones where one bone has a round ball like ending which fits into a curved bone which holds the ball like structure and enables wide angle movements.
- The two ball and socket bones in a human body are the shoulder joint and the femur joint.
- Shoulder joint the Humerus has a round end (ball like) which fits into the Glenoid fossa (shoulder bone) which holds (socket structure) the Humerus.
- Pelvis joint the Femur (ball structure) fits into the Pelvis which has a socket to hold the femur.
- Ball and Socket joints enable higher degree of movement when compared to other bones.
- Hands and legs need wide angle of movements to function and this mechanism provides it.
Hinge joints are the ones that function like a door (open- close mechanism).
- Elbow and Knee are the hinge joints which help in open movement of arms and legs.
- They do not have a wider degree of movement as ball and socket joint but they provide almost 180° movement and an angular rotation.
Condyloid joints only have movement but no abilities of rotation like the earlier two types of joints.
- The jaw bone and the finger joints (the joint of Metacarpals and Phalanges) these move without rotation.
Pivot joints are the ones with rotary motion and no movement.
- These are the bones which rotate to facilitate the movement of that part.
- The Radius and Ulna is one such example which are attached to each other and rotate at certain angles to allow movement of the arm.
- The neck joint also allows rotation.
Saddle joints are the ones with movement which allows movement forward- backward and sideways but no rotation.
- The bone of the thumb finger being attached to the metacarpal is one such example.
- It has wide movement but no rotation.
Glide joints are the bones which can move and have a sliding movement.
- The carpels of wrist and ankle bones are an example.
Answer:
Based on the degree of mobility and structure, joints are classified into three types which are fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints and synovial joints.
Explanation:
Fibrous (immovable) joints - The bones adjoining margins are joined by a thin layer of dense fibrous tissues. These types of joints are commonly immovable or show very minute degrees of movement.
It is further classified into three types which are -
- Syndesmosis joint
- Gomphosis joint
- suture joint
Cartilaginous (slightly movable / amphiarthrosis) joints - The bones adjoining surfaces are connected by soft cartilage. These types of joints are temporary which after a time period is converted into bone.
It is further classified into two types which are -
- Primary cartilaginous joint / Synchondrosis
- Secondary cartilaginous joint / Symphysis
Synovial (freely movable / perfect / Diarthrosis) joints - These joints are completely movable which possess cartilage caps for articulating bones. The joint cavity is lined by a synovial membrane which secretes slippery viscous fluid which acts as a lubricant for joints.
It is further classified into five types which are -
- Plane joint
- Hinge joint
- Pivot joint
- Saddle joint
- Ball and socket joint
BALL AND SOCKET JOINT
It is a type of joint where there are two structures, one is ball shaped head (head of humerus) and another is cup shaped socket (scapula) as shown in the image. Here the ball shaped bone fits into the cup shaped socket. It enables the rotatory movement in all directions giving the greater freedom for the movement as compared to any other joint.
Eg. Hip and shoulder joint
