what are the different types of plastids explain the functions of green coloured plastids?
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Answer:
Plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cell of plants, algae and few eukaryotic cells.
It the site of production and storage of important chemical compounds which are used by the cells of autotrophic organisms.
They contain pigments which are used in photosynthesis and the types of pigments determine the cell's colour.
The types of plastids are-
1) Chloroplasts:- are the green plastids which contain chlorophyll pigments for photosynthesis.
2) Chromoplasts:- are the coloured plastids for pigment synthesis and storage. The pigment present in them is carotene which gives a different colour to fruits and flowers.
3) Gerontoplasts:- are the chloroplasts that are going through the ageing process. These are present in the leaves in which no more photosynthesis occurs (such as in the fall months).
4) Leucoplasts: are the colourless plastids for monoterpene synthesis found in non- photosynthetic parts of the plants.
They are of three types:-
a) Amyloplasts- stores starch.
b) Proteinoplasts- stores proteins.
c) Elaioplasts- stores fats and oils.
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The different types of plastids are:
=>Chromoplasts: which give colour to the parts of the plant and contain fat soluble pigments such as xanthophyll(yellow) and carotene(orange-red), their function is attracting insects for pollination.
=>Chloroplasts: which contain the green pigment chlorophyll and are involved in photosynthesis and trapping of light energy.
=> Leucoplasts: which are colourless plastids that store starch within them.
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments dissolved in the cell sap present in the vacuoles of plant cells in flowers.