what are the different types of pratyayas in sankrit and expanation of each one of them
Answers
Explanation:
Pratyaya (प्रत्यय).—A pratyaya is a c1uster of code syllables that indicate the specific affix tbat must be attached ta the verbal root to yield the nominal stem, as well as the modifications to the root itself (if necessary) before the affix is added. The pratyaya a1so indicates the following properties of the noun that is formed from the nominal stem: 1) gender, one or more (among neuter, masculine and feminine); and 2) possible meanings.
The nouns formed under the pratyaya ‘lyuṭ’ are usually verbal nouns in the neuter gender; however this pratyaya also allows neuter nouns that name instruments of action.
Source: Shodhganga: Vaiyākaraṇabhūṣaṇasāra: a critical study
Pratyaya (प्रत्यय).—An affix or termination as contrasted with the base (prakṛti). It is generally added after the base.
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar
Pratyaya (प्रत्यय).—Affix, suffix, a termination, as contrasted with प्रकृति (prakṛti) the base; cf. प्रत्याय्यते अर्थः अनेन इति प्रत्ययः (pratyāyyate arthaḥ anena iti pratyayaḥ); cf. also अर्थे संप्रत्याययति स प्रत्ययः (arthe saṃpratyāyayati sa pratyayaḥ) M.Bh. on III. 1.l Vart. 8; The word प्रत्यय (pratyaya) is used in the Pratisakhya works in the sense of 'following' or 'that which follows', e. g. स्पर्शे चोषः प्रत्यये पूर्वपद्यः (sparśe coṣaḥ pratyaye pūrvapadyaḥ) R. Pr. I. 30 which is explained by Uvvata as उषः इत्ययं (uṣaḥ ityayaṃ) (शब्दः (śabdaḥ)) पूर्वपदावयवः सन् स्पर्शे प्रत्यये परभूते इति यावत् (pūrvapadāvayavaḥ san sparśe pratyaye parabhūte iti yāvat); रेफिसंज्ञो भवति (rephisaṃjño bhavati); Uvvata on R. Pr. I.30; cf. प्रत्येति पश्चादागच्छति इति प्रत्ययः परः (pratyeti paścādāgacchati iti pratyayaḥ paraḥ) T. Pr. V. 7; cf also V. Pr, III. 8. Pratyaya or the suffix is generally placed after the base; cf, प्रत्ययः, परश्च (pratyayaḥ, paraśca) P. III. I. 1,2; but sometimes it is placed before the base; e. g. बहुपटुः (bahupaṭuḥ) cf. विभाषा सुपो बहुच् पुरस्तात्तु (vibhāṣā supo bahuc purastāttu) P. V. 3.68. The conjugational signs (शप्, श्यन् (śap, śyan) etc.), the signs of tenses and moods (च्लि, सिच्, स्य, ताम् (cli, sic, sya, tām) etc.) and the compound endings(समासान्त (samāsānta)) are all called pratyayas according fo Panini's grammar, as they are all given in the jurisdiction(अधिकार (adhikāra)) of the rule प्रत्ययः (pratyayaḥ) III.1.1, which extends upto the end of the fifth chapter (अध्याय (adhyāya)). There are six main kinds of affixes given in grammar सुप्प्रत्यय, तिङ्प्रत्यय, कृत्प्रत्यय, तद्धितप्रत्यय, धातुप्रत्यय (suppratyaya, tiṅpratyaya, kṛtpratyaya, taddhitapratyaya, dhātupratyaya) (e.g. in the roots चिकीर्ष, कण्डूय (cikīrṣa, kaṇḍūya) etc.) and स्त्रीप्रत्यय (strīpratyaya). The word प्रत्यय (pratyaya) is used in the sense of realization, in which case the root इ (i) in the word त्यय (tyaya) means'knowing' according to the maxim सर्वे गत्यर्था ज्ञानार्थाः (sarve gatyarthā jñānārthāḥ); cf. मन्त्रार्थप्रत्ययाय (mantrārthapratyayāya) Nir. I.15.