Question

What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms? Explain

with the help of flow chart diagram​

Answer 1

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Breaking down of glucose involves two processes. In the first step, it is broken into three-carbon molecules called pyruvate. The pyruvate is further broken down into energy in following different ways in various organisms.

1) Aerobic respiration : In this case, pyruvate is broken down into water and carbon dioxide along with release of energy. It commonly occurs in mitochondria of cells.

2) Anaerobic respiration: In aerobic respiration break down of pyruvate takes place in presence of oxygen to give rise 3 molecules of carbon dioxide and water. And pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Answer 2

Different ways in which glucose breaks down

I. Anaerobic Respiration

The anaerobic respiration process takes place in the absence of oxygen. For example: In yeast during fermentation. In this process, the pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

II. Aerobic Respiration

In aerobic respiration, breakdown of pyruvate takes place in the presence of oxygen to give rise to 3 molecules of carbon dioxide and water. The release of energy in aerobic respiration is much more than anaerobic respiration.

III. Lack of Oxygen

At times when there is a lack of oxygen in our body, mainly during vigorous activity, in our muscles, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid which is a 3 carbon molecule compound. The formation of lactic acid in muscles causes cramp.