what are the diffrent types of settled farming name and discribe
Answers
Explanation:
1. Subsistence agriculture. Many farmers in India follow subsistence farming. Here, the major part of the production is consumed by the farmer and their family. As farmers do not have sufficient capital to spend on their land for electricity and irrigation, the production from subsistence farming is low. Jowar, bajra and pulses are typically cultivated in subsistence farming.
2. Shifting agriculture. Here, farmers clear forest land by cutting down or burning trees. Later, the land is used to cultivate crops for two to three years. The cultivated crops absorb most nutrients from the soil and make it infertile for further cultivation. Once the soil loses its fertility, farmers move in search of new land and the process is repeated. Dry paddy, corn, vegetables and millets are the type of crops cultivated under this type.
3. Plantation farming. The British introduced this form to Indian farmers in the 19th century. Crops with high economic value such as rubber, coffee, cotton are grown under this type. Plantation farming involves planting trees of a single crop for generations and getting income out of it. This type of cultivation requires large capital and skilled management. Some plantation crops like tea, coffee, rubber have processing units within the farm itself.
4. Intensive Agriculture. Cultivation of crops for higher yields is called intensive farming. It involves heavy use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. This also includes the use of genetically modified crop varieties. The Green Revolution in India was the result of the implementation of intensive cultivation.
5. Dry Agriculture. In arid areas, farmers cultivate crops like aloe vera and sorghum. Also known as dryland farming, dry cultivation of crops is achieved with very little or no irrigation facilities. The per hectare yield of this type of agriculture is understandably low.
6. Mixed crop or Livestock agriculture. This refers to cultivation of crops along with raising animals. Two or more crops are cultivated in the same field that results in two different types of yield at different seasons. Maize, beans and squash, the three sisters, are one of the prominent examples of mixed crop agriculture.
7. Crop rotation. This practice involves cultivation of crops one after the other in order to restore nutrients to the soil. The time span required for rotation of the crops varies according to the type of crop. Pulses and legumes have the ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. Therefore, they are cultivated after cereals in the crop rotation agriculture. The crop choice is made after considering the quality of the soil.
8. Sustainable agriculture. This is the exact opposite of intensive agricultural practices, as it strictly avoids using any chemicals to cultivate crops. This type of farming allows farmers to use natural products such as bio-fertilisers and bio-pesticides. It is aimed at minimising pollution and restoring soil quality which is destroyed by the chemicals. With time, organic farming practices are becoming more preferred over other farming practices due to their long-term positive effects