what are the effects of abolition of slavery
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1. Blacks were forced back into being subservient labor. Technically free, most were forced to sign contracts tying them to labor for plantation owners again.
2. Sometimes they were forced to labor without pay. Vagrancy laws made it illegal to be poor and unemployed. If you were found out of work and without "visible means of support" you were put in the county lockup at night, and labored for nothing during the day, with your wages being paid to the county.
3. Plantation owners did lose their slaves, but not their land usually. The biggest loss to them was that they could no longer sell slaves, or get loans or credit taken out on their value. Where plantation owners had dominated the US economy since colonial times, the role now fell to industrial factory and mine owners. But the plantation owners continued to dominate the south politically and economically.
4. None of this happened easily. It took enormous violence to crush Black civil rights, 50,000 murders in five years by racist terrorists like the KKK, Red Shirts, and White League. Andrew Johnson did his best to sabotage civil rights, returning land that had been given to former slaves, firing every last Union general who tried to enforce the law, and pardoning Confederates. He even planned to set up his own militia, and publicly threatened congressmen by name. He faced an impeachment and only escaped by massive bribery. Grant made some efforts to stop the worst violence, but in the end pardoned Confederates also. In the Compromise of 1876 Republicans sold out Black civil rights, withdrawing troops from the south in exchange for being allowed to steal an election. Blacks were on their own.
5. In spite of everything, there were still some Black successes, Black schools, businesses, newspapers, and churches founded. Hundreds of Blacks were elected to office, some re elected as late as 1900. One of every eight Blacks in cities owned land, homes or businesses or both. Many Blacks voted with their feet and left, founding hundreds of towns in the west, and later moving north to found Black neighborhoods in northern cities.
6. The New South started to rise in the 1950s and 60s, industrializing at the same time as it struggled with civil rights. That would have happened far earlier, had it successfully dealt with Black rights before. The lack of reparations, the famous 40 acres and a mule, were a great lost opportunity in the opinion of most scholars who have looked at the subject.
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2. Sometimes they were forced to labor without pay. Vagrancy laws made it illegal to be poor and unemployed. If you were found out of work and without "visible means of support" you were put in the county lockup at night, and labored for nothing during the day, with your wages being paid to the county.
3. Plantation owners did lose their slaves, but not their land usually. The biggest loss to them was that they could no longer sell slaves, or get loans or credit taken out on their value. Where plantation owners had dominated the US economy since colonial times, the role now fell to industrial factory and mine owners. But the plantation owners continued to dominate the south politically and economically.
4. None of this happened easily. It took enormous violence to crush Black civil rights, 50,000 murders in five years by racist terrorists like the KKK, Red Shirts, and White League. Andrew Johnson did his best to sabotage civil rights, returning land that had been given to former slaves, firing every last Union general who tried to enforce the law, and pardoning Confederates. He even planned to set up his own militia, and publicly threatened congressmen by name. He faced an impeachment and only escaped by massive bribery. Grant made some efforts to stop the worst violence, but in the end pardoned Confederates also. In the Compromise of 1876 Republicans sold out Black civil rights, withdrawing troops from the south in exchange for being allowed to steal an election. Blacks were on their own.
5. In spite of everything, there were still some Black successes, Black schools, businesses, newspapers, and churches founded. Hundreds of Blacks were elected to office, some re elected as late as 1900. One of every eight Blacks in cities owned land, homes or businesses or both. Many Blacks voted with their feet and left, founding hundreds of towns in the west, and later moving north to found Black neighborhoods in northern cities.
6. The New South started to rise in the 1950s and 60s, industrializing at the same time as it struggled with civil rights. That would have happened far earlier, had it successfully dealt with Black rights before. The lack of reparations, the famous 40 acres and a mule, were a great lost opportunity in the opinion of most scholars who have looked at the subject.
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