what are the effects of neutralisation reaction donor take place
Answers
Answer:In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation (see spelling differences) is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution. The pH of the neutralized solution depends on the acid strength of the reactants.In the context of a chemical reaction the term neutralization is used for a reaction between an acid and a base or alkali. Historically, this reaction was represented as
acid + base (alkali) → salt + water
For example:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
The statement is still valid as long as it is understood that in an aqueous solution the substances involved are subject to dissociation, which changes the substances ionization state. The arrow sign, →, is used because the reaction is complete, that is, neutralization is a quantitative reaction. A more general definition is based on Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory.
AH + B → A + BH
Electrical charges are omitted from generic expressions such as this, as each species A, AH, B, or BH may or may not carry an electrical charge. Neutralization of sulphuric acid provides a specific example. Two partial neutralization reactions are possible in this instance.
H2SO4 + OH− → HSO4−+ H2O
HSO4− + OH− → SO42−+ H2O
Overall: H2SO4 + 2OH− → SO42−+ 2H2O
After an acid AH has been neutralized there are no molecules of the acid (or hydrogen ions produced by dissociation of the molecule) left in solution.
When an acid is neutralized the amount of base added to it must be equal the amount of acid present initially. This amount of base is said to be the equivalent amount. In a titration of an acid with a base, the point of neutralization can also be called the equivalence point. The quantitative nature of the neutralization reaction is most conveniently expressed in terms of the concentrations of acid and alkali. At the equivalence point:
volume (acid) × concentration (H+ ions from dissociation) = volume (base) × concentration (OH− ions)
In general, for an acid AHn at concentration c1 reacting with a base B(OH)m at concentration c2 the volumes are related by:
n v1 c1 = m v2 c2
An example of a base being neutralized by an acid is as follows.
Ba(OH)2 + 2H+ → Ba2+ + 2H2O
The same equation relating the concentrations of acid and base applies. The concept of neutralization is not limited to reactions in solution. For example, the reaction of limestone with acid such as sulfuric acid is also a neutralization reaction.
[Ca,Mg]CO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → (Ca2+, Mg2+)(aq) + SO42−(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O
Such reactions are important in soil chemistry.
Strong acids and strong bases
A strong acid is one that is fully dissociated in aqueous solution. For example, hydrochloric acid, HCl, is a strong acid.
HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl−(aq)
A strong base is one that is fully dissociated in aqueous solution. For example, sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is a strong base.
NaOH(aq) → Na+(aq) + OH−(aq)
Therefore, when a strong acid reacts with a strong base the neutralization reaction can be written as
H+ + OH− → H2O
For example, in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide the sodium and chloride ions, Na+ and Cl− take no part in the reaction. The reaction is consistent with the Brønsted–Lowry definition because in reality the hydrogen ion exists as the hydronium ion, so that the neutralization reaction may be written as
H3O+ + OH− → H2O + H2O → 2 H2O
When a strong acid is neutralized by a strong base there are no excess hydrogen ions left in the solution. The solution is said to be neutral as it is neither acidic nor alkaline. The pH of such a solution is close to a value of 7; the exact pH value is dependent on the temperature of the solution.
Neutralization is an exothermic reaction. The standard enthalpy change for the reaction H+ + OH− → H2O is −57.30 kJ/mol.
Explanation:BRAINLIST VARNA MAUT
In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation (see spelling differences) is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution.
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