what are the effects of oxidation on
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One positive effect of copper oxidation includes the formation of a protective outer layer that prevents further corrosion. This protection can be seen on copper roofs and gutter work as well as on outdoor sculptures and statuary, namely the Statue of Liberty. However, copper oxidation produces harmful effects in copper cookware. When the copper cooking surface comes into contact with acidic food (i.e. vinegar, wine), it produces a toxic verdigris, which is poisonous if ingested. Copper electrical wire and copper pipes must be cleaned with acid-free cleaners before soldering takes place. In addition, care must be taken not to overheat the copper during the soldering process, as excess heat produces copper oxidation, and the solder won't adhere to it. Oxidation also hinders the electrical conductivity of copper wire.