Question

What are the effects of water, soil and light on organisms? Explain in detail. No copied answer from google plz

Answer 1

Answer:

Effect of water on microorganisms: Some organisms, such as fish, can only breathe in water. Other organisms require water to break down food molecules or generate energy during the respiration process. Water also helps many organisms regulate metabolism and dissolves compounds going into or out of the body.

Effect of soil on microorganisms: Soil organisms fulfill key processes in the soil, such as decomposition and nutrient mineralization. Many microorganisms engage in mutualistic interactions with plant hosts, aiding in the uptake of nutrients and water (e.g., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF), in exchange for photosynthates or other plant metabolites.

Effect of light on microorganisms: The sun is the source of all energy, heat, and light. The amount of sunlight in an area determines what living thing can survive there. ... All plants use sunlight to make food (sugars) in a process called photosynthesis. They store the food in their leaves and the energy flows to other animals that eat the leaves.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

Abiotic factors like water, light, soil etc. are some of the key components that lead to so much variations in  the physical and chemical conditions of different habitats. Such variations contribute a lot in the distribution  and occurrence of organisms in a particular habitat/geographical location.  

Effects of water : Next to temperature, water is an another most important factor influencing the life of organisms.  Life originated in water through evolution and is unsustainable without water. It is an important component of  protoplasm. Water has influence over productivity and distribution of plants and animals. The organisms found  in abundant water availability conditions are called as aquatic organisms. Quality of water (chemical composition,  pH, temperature etc.) is important for aquatic organisms. Organisms which can tolerate a wide range of salinities  are called as euryhaline (e.g., salmon) whereas stenohaline (e.g., shark) are those which are restricted to a narrow  range of salinities. Organisms which are found in high salinites of water are called as marine water organisms  whereas those found in low salinites of water are called as fresh water organisms.

The availability of water is so limited in deserts, therefore, desert organisms have evolved many adaptations  especially w.r.t., water conservation in their body to sustain life there.

Effects of light : Light is the visible part of electromagnetic spectrum (390–760 nm). Light is an important abiotic  factor affecting plants and animals.

(i) Palnts: Light plays very important roles in plant growth and development, flowering and in photosynthetic  process. Light affects reproduction, movements and phenology in plants. Depending upon requirement of  light intensity plants are of two types.

• Heliophytes : Require high intensity light.

• Sciophytes : Require low light intensity and grow in shaded area.

The vertical and horizontal distribution of red, green and brown algae are limited impart by the availability  of sunlight and therefore vary by depth, latitude, sea conditions and season.

Ecological niche of an organisms represents, the range of conditions that it can tolerate, the resources  it utilises and its functional role in ecological system. Each species has a distinct niche and no two  species are believed to occupy exactly the same niche.

(ii) Animals: Light also affects activities of animals. Many animals use the diurnal and seasonal variations  in light intensity and duration as cues for timing their foraging, reproductive and migratory activities. The  spectral quality of solar radiation is also important for life.

Effects of Soil : Earth’s uppermost crust having a mixture of organic matter and minerals is called as soil. It  is a complex mixture of mineral particles, organic matter, soil air, water and soil microorganisms. The nature  and properties of soil in different places vary. The texture of soil is due to size, proportion and arrangement  of its constituents. Various characteristics of the soil determine the percolation and water-holding capacity of  the soil. These characteristics along with parameters such as pH, mineral composition and topography  determine to a large extent the vegetation in any area. This is in turn dictates the type of animals that can  be supported. Similarly, in the aquatic environment (pond, lake, sea/ocean), the sediment characteristics often  determine the type of benthic animals that thrive there.