what are the examples of constant error???
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Answers
Constant errors primarily influence a measurement's accuracy. Typical causes of systematic error include observational error, imperfect instrument calibration, and environmental interference. For example: Forgetting to tare or zero a balance produces mass measurements that are always "off" by the same amount.
What Is a Constant Error?
In a scientific experiment, a constant error -- also known as a systematic error -- is a source of error that causes measurements to deviate consistently from their true value. Unlike random errors, which causes measurements to deviate by varying amounts -- either higher or lower than their true values -- constant errors cause the same amount of deviation in one direction only.
Identifying Errors
Constant errors are difficult to identify because they remain unchanged -- provided, of course, that experimental conditions and instrumentation remain unchanged -- regardless of how many times you repeat an experiment. Furthermore, although constant errors introduce a constant bias into the mean or median of experimental data, no statistical analysis of the data can detect a constant error.
Eliminating Fixed Errors
Constant errors can, however, be identified and eliminated in various ways. If you compare your own experimental results with other results obtained by someone else using a different procedure or different equipment, you may find that a constant error becomes apparent. Similarly, you may find that adjusting, or calibrating, your procedure or equipment or both is necessary to produce the desired result. Under certain conditions, a measuring instrument itself may alter the physical quantity that it is intended to measure. If you connect a voltmeter -- a device for measuring the potential difference between two points -- to a circuit carrying low current or high voltage, the voltmeter itself becomes a major component of the circuit and affects the voltage measurement