What are the exceptions of the octet rule
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A free radical is a species with a single unpaired electron. A biradical is a species bearing two unpaired electrons. The relative orientations of these electron spins are completely random.
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Limitations of octet rule:
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1️⃣ Two Electrons: Hydrogen and helium have only one electron shell. The first shell has only one s orbital and no p orbital, so it holds only two electrons. Therefore, these elements are most stable when they have two electrons.
2️⃣ Expanded Octet: The covalently bonded compounds like PCl5, ClF3, ICl3, SF6, IF7, OsF8 and OsO4 have expanded octets in them. The central atoms in these molecules have more than eight electrons in their outermost shell.
3️⃣ Less Than an Octet: In BeCl2, the central atom Be has only 4 electrons and in BF3, boron shares its three electrons with three fluorine atoms. The fluorines follow the octet rule, but boron has only six electrons.
4️⃣ Odd Numbers: Nitrogen have an odd number of electrons and will form somewhat stable compounds. Nitric oxide has the formula NO. No matter how electrons are shared between the nitrogen and oxygen atoms, there is no way for nitrogen to have an octet. It will have seven electrons instead.
#Be Brainly❤️❤️
Here is ua answer... ⏬⏬
=====================
Limitations of octet rule:
=====================
1️⃣ Two Electrons: Hydrogen and helium have only one electron shell. The first shell has only one s orbital and no p orbital, so it holds only two electrons. Therefore, these elements are most stable when they have two electrons.
2️⃣ Expanded Octet: The covalently bonded compounds like PCl5, ClF3, ICl3, SF6, IF7, OsF8 and OsO4 have expanded octets in them. The central atoms in these molecules have more than eight electrons in their outermost shell.
3️⃣ Less Than an Octet: In BeCl2, the central atom Be has only 4 electrons and in BF3, boron shares its three electrons with three fluorine atoms. The fluorines follow the octet rule, but boron has only six electrons.
4️⃣ Odd Numbers: Nitrogen have an odd number of electrons and will form somewhat stable compounds. Nitric oxide has the formula NO. No matter how electrons are shared between the nitrogen and oxygen atoms, there is no way for nitrogen to have an octet. It will have seven electrons instead.
#Be Brainly❤️❤️
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