What are the exceptions regarding h20 as ligand?
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Is H2O a weak or strong ligand?
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Case for metals in +2 oxidation state :
Ligands are classified as weak , intermediate and strong depending upon whether they are sigma and pi donor, sigma donor only and sigma donor and pi acceptor respectively. H2O comes under the category of intermediate field ligand because it can donate only through sigma bonding. The reason it is not weak ligand is it cannot donate electron through pi bonding i.e only sigma donor, because after donating one electron pair oxygen attains positive charge which makes it difficult to donate another pair of electron. Also there is no vacant orbital to accommodate electron from metal ( pi back Bonding) is the reason it is not strong ligand.
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Case for metals in +2 oxidation state :
Ligands are classified as weak , intermediate and strong depending upon whether they are sigma and pi donor, sigma donor only and sigma donor and pi acceptor respectively. H2O comes under the category of intermediate field ligand because it can donate only through sigma bonding. The reason it is not weak ligand is it cannot donate electron through pi bonding i.e only sigma donor, because after donating one electron pair oxygen attains positive charge which makes it difficult to donate another pair of electron. Also there is no vacant orbital to accommodate electron from metal ( pi back Bonding) is the reason it is not strong ligand.
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